Evaluating The Role And Importance Of Entrepreneurship Commerce Essay

Assessing The Role And Importance Of Entrepreneurship Commerce Essay Verifiably, enterprise has been characterized as various methods of asset portion and streamlining of authoritative procedures, consistently in an inventive path so as to bring down expenses and improve results. One-sided, is related with the term of business enterprise to make new organizations, for the most part little and smaller scale ventures. Other than that business enterprise is connected to chance taking. In Druckers (1986), the pioneering profile includes attributes as: the quest for change, the vision of chance, imagination, development and acknowledgment of dangers and vulnerabilities identified with business. The relationship among business enterprise and hazard resistance is typically normal. By and large, it is standard to accept that business people are more hazard open minded. This was the motivation behind examination in this investigation, which study the relationship between level of business enterprise of an individual and their degree of hazard resistance. This article investigates the relationship between two factors, introduced as the degree of business enterprise of an individual, their degree of hazard resistance and hazard taking. Characterizing Entrepreneurship Characteristics or qualities As indicated by Drucker, P. (1986 pp. 131) contend that the meaning of enterprise lately observe changes experienced by impacts zones as humanities, social science and business procedures to introduce their hypotheses and help the making of new business people. The thought and rule that the business enterprise process starts in establishments with social and social ramifications. The unavoidable issue about enterprise is connected in the hazard that the business person hurries to create and execute another business. There is a connection in enterprise and the hypothesis of prospect, which manages conduct and connection to chance, it is the business visionary ready to face budgetary challenge, key and operational levels to build up another business. The issue of enterprise in settling on choices according to hazard was the subject of research by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, whose outcomes were referred to by scientists as Prospect Theory. The early examination was because of the way that business people carry on or have a normal exhibition as per the standard of the normal return. The investigations have uncovered examples of conduct dictated by two significant human weaknesses: the feeling that restrains or confines the poise basic to the procedure of dynamic, and psychological challenges that impede the full comprehension of the issue confronted, especially given the hard to draw substantial speculations of tests accessible, which prompts the selection of increasingly abstract techniques, known as degrees of conviction. As indicated by Schumpeter, J. (1987) concurs that each business visionary has a profile of imaginative limit and acknowledgment of hazard, and furthermore that not all results are fruitful, and the enterprising capacity has the duty of the connections between the business and social factors that are available in association. Enterprising society Consumes, P. (2007) reports that since the start of the period of business enterprise was trusted that the social setting substantially affected the advancement of business enterprise. The inclination for business enterprise contrasts among social orders, since that culture directs the attributes of business visionaries vary all around. As the getting Burns, P (2007), people are not brought into the world a business person, he builds up this characteristic in the earth they live and the earth, both the time and the spot is a constructive or adverse impact of this pattern. The pioneering society depends on the convergence of different types of business enterprise, vital for the assurance of this culture. In the perspective on Kent, C. (1990), there are a few activities and types of business as the pioneering profile, the enterprising administration, business endeavor, enterprise aggregate, as indicated by this creator, there are innovative culture requires in any event two of these structures. he innovative culture accentuates the rise of new chances, the way to profit by them and the making of sufficient foundation to exploit them. The methodology and arranging are the establishments of innovative culture, to lessen vulnerabilities in the business openings, which is reliable with the mentality of the business person consistently figure the danger of planned way. In this sense, one can build up that Entrepreneurship Education is the procedure that focuses on human advancement with regards to recognizing and misusing openings and their resulting change into the real world, along these lines adding to the age of budgetary qualities, social and social society in which the person is. Through arranging and creating methodologies and hazard estimation and objectives. procedure of business enterprise Each pioneering crucial extraordinary, some undertaking had achievement history and other didn't. The business adventure are the result that triumph history in business person way. In any case, the enterprise procedure ought to be dissect a worldwide way, since the gives a substance to examine how business develops new thoughts and better approaches to give openings and adventures. Moreover, the method of business offers information to mapping and to examine the creative activities. As indicated by Wickham, P. ( 2006, pp. 223) certifies that the way to deal with the pioneering methodology that will be depicted here depends on four collaborating possibilities. The agent is dependable to unite these variables to make development esteem. The four possibilities factors in the business enterprise process are, business visionary, opportunity, association and assets. Source: Wickham, P. (2006, pp.224): The pioneering procedure: opportunity, assets and association. business visionary As indicated by Wickham, P. ( 2006, pp. 209) achievement depends on the endeavors capacity to fulfill financial, social and formative needs. As it were, the pioneering achievement is outcome of set attributes of individual abilities, information, discernment and character characteristics that lead to investigate and assess the enterprising achievement. The business person is a businessperson who is capable of innovative procedure, as it were, he is charge to oversee and lead the association goals. Business people are not just the individuals who have thoughts, make new items or procedures. They are likewise the individuals who execute, lead groups and sell their thoughts. It is hard to track down every one of these qualities in a single individual. In this manner, the distinguishing proof of each profile is the key, and cooperation can be basic to the accomplishment of business visionaries inside an association. For instance, Steve Jobs is the prime supporter of Apple, Pixars previous proprietor and maker of the most sweltering contraptions of the most recent 10 years isn't just a businessperson, yet it is without a doubt one of the most visionary and brave business people who showed up in the business world in ongoing decades. Opportunity The open door is the hole in the market that ought to be involved by contenders or providers. The open door points the space on the part or condition showcase that ought to be met by business visionaries. The primary goal of business person is to filter and watch the accessible or likely open door in the market. The best situation of accomplish the open door is the development approach that the businessperson shows to the market. Association Looking to serve the development to nature serious the capacities and exercises of the workers ought to be composed, this is the propose of the organization ought to convey. The organizations can be changed agreeing the activities and procedures, similar to, their size, their structure, their innovative work zone, the center business and culture angles. As indicated by Wickham, P. (2006, pp 224) concurs that innovative organizations are portrayed by authority, style, conduct and soul from their originator. This associations may have unstructured chain of importance, rules or procedure, then again this factor can be a quality in the learning procedure, advancement and improvement by being dynamic to carry new thoughts and ways to deal with association change. What's more, enterprising organizations are been set as a system of connections between representatives, providers and others partners which are driven by the business person. These relationship associations fabricate a formal and blended association. A few relations are arranged by contracts, open markets, formal, casual and long haul. In the system study, the organization is characterized by a nexus of connections and the level can be perplexing. This connection gives to the associations a decent chance to break down how they are situated in the market. Assets The last term in the enterprising procedure is the assets. This possibility means to raise capital and asset that is promoted in the organization, for example, financial specialists who support their capital, data, abilities, know-how, experience and information. This components that lead to development can be elusive property, such as, counseling, brand, steadfastness and client altruism can be lead to venture. The principle target of the business person is to raise capital and venture to the organization and center the speculation to expand, construct and build up the offer convey to the client. As per Burns, P. (2007, pp.117) remarked that business visionaries normally recognize opportunity, building and driving the organization. Moreover, business visionary draw in and mange assets. The business people must convey duties to the representatives and the chiefs may assume control over the capacity to oversee and bring assets. For instance, the creation office may assume control over the capacities to draw in assets and advancement to grow new items; the sa

1952 :: 1950s

1952 In 1954, numerous obstructions were broken that made this a time of progress. One of the significant accomplishments is the remedy for Polio being found which spared numerous lives and made the infection terminated. Different triumphs incorporate the unrest of music and the introduction of Rock and Roll. Different accomplishments this year were the innovation of the initial 2-situated games vehicle, the corvette, and the start of the Sports Illustrated magazine. During this year, RCA additionally delivered the main shading TV where families could watch shows, for example, the Nelsons and the Show of Shows. Swanson likewise made the main TV meals that families ate while they stared at the TV. One of the significant boundaries that were broken was the development of the nuclear bomb and when it was discharged, it was noted to be the greatest bomb to ever be set off. The United States led a full scale, fruitful analysis with a combination gadget in 1952, which delivered a blast comparab le to a few megatons (million tons) of concoction unstable. In 1954, the United States exploded a combination bomb with an intensity of 15 megatons rather than the normal 7 megatons. It made a sparkling fireball more than 4.8 km (multiple miles) in distance across, and a gigantic mushroom cloud that immediately rose into the stratosphere. The nuclear bomb was tried in the Marshall Islands in the Pacific Ocean. The bomb was supposed to be more than multiple times more impressive than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, in 1945, giving the United States the innovation to deliver a bomb fit for demolishing any of the world’s biggest urban communities. The nuclear bomb made a fireball that was comprised of amazingly hot mass and went off in an atomic blast. A blaze of warmth radiation was produced from the fireball and started to spread out over an enormous zone. The radiation had the option to cause streak consumes on uncovered skin. Other than the impact and warmth, the deton ating atomic bomb had the option to discharge an infiltrating atomic radiation. The atomic radiation had the option to make genuine injury the islands encompassing the Marshall Islands. The radiation was affecting the close by locals when it was retained into the group of individuals. With the creation of the nuclear bomb, ‘the atomic/nuclear age’ advanced and gave the United States the innovation it expected to turn into the predominant country it is today.

How the Chunking Technique Can Help Improve Your Memory

How the Chunking Technique Can Help Improve Your Memory Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How Chunking Pieces of Information Can Improve Memory By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 03, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 21, 2019 Robert Nicholas / OJO Images / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Chunking is a term referring to the process of taking individual pieces of information (chunks) and grouping them into larger units. By grouping each piece into a large whole, you can improve the amount of information you can remember. Probably the most common example of chunking occurs in phone numbers. For example, a phone number sequence of 4-7-1-1-3-2-4 would be chunked into 471-1324. By separating disparate individual elements into larger blocks, information becomes easier to retain and recall. This is due mainly to how limited our  short-term memory can be. While some research suggests people are capable of storing between five and nine units of information, more recent research posits that short-term memory has a capacity for about four chunks of information. 10 Unforgettable Facts About Memory Why Chunking Is Useful for Improving Memory According to neuroscientist Daniel Bor, author of The Ravenous Brain: How the New Science of Consciousness Explains Our Insatiable Search for Meaning, chunking represents our ability to hack the limits of our memory. Chunking allows people to take smaller bits of information and combine them into more meaningful, and therefore more memorable, wholes. Bor argues that our natural tendency to see patterns and make connections is not just important for memory, but that it is also the source of creativity. As Steve Jobs once famously suggested, Creativity is just connecting things. How to Use Chunking to Remember Things The next time you are trying to remember items from a list, start by forming smaller groups. If you are working with a list of vocabulary words, for example, you might create small groups of words that are similar or related to one another. A shopping list might be broken down into smaller grouping based on whether the items on the list are vegetables, fruits, dairy or grains. Chunking can be used as an everyday memory enhancer, but researchers have also found that you can improve your ability to effectively chunk information. Bor relates the story of one participant in a memory experiment who challenged himself to improve the number of items he could remember. While he was initially able to remember seven items, he was able to increase this to 80 units of information over the course of 20 months. The student described in the above experiment devoted an hour a day, approximately four days a week for nearly two years to achieve it. While you might not be able to devote such intense concentration to improving your memory, there are things that you can do to make the most of your brains natural tendency to seek patterns and group information. Effective Chunking Techniques Practice: Challenge yourself to remember lists of things, whether it’s your grocery list, vocabulary words or important dates. As you become better at remembering larger chunks of information, continue to challenge yourself to remember even more.Look for Connections: As you are creating groupings, look for ways to relate units to each other in meaningful ways. What do the items share in common? You might group items together because they are each spelled with four letters, because they start with the same letter or because they share a similar purpose.Associate: Linking groups of items to things from your memory can also help make things more memorable. You might be more likely to remember that you need eggs, baking soda, and chocolate chips if you associate the items with the delicious cookies that your mother used to make.Incorporate Other Memory Strategies: For example, you might use mnemonics as a way to chunk different units of information. If you are going to the grocery stor e and need bananas, eggs, nectarines, and tea you can create a word out of the first letters of each item you needâ€"BENT. Once you remember the keyword, you will then be better able to recall the items represented by each letter of the acronym. Chunking certainly is not a cure-all for memory problems, but it can be an effective tool in your memory improvement arsenal. By practicing chunking methods regularly and incorporating this technique in your study habits, you might find that you are able to remember more. 11 Ways to Improve Your Memory

Essay about The Welfare Programs and The Economy in the...

Small businesses are contrived to give all of their employees health care due to Medicare. Through the terms of ObamaCare, small businesses are compelled into closing their doors because of all the hand outs they have to get to their employees. When small business begin to become more successful and make more money, Medicare takes their profits away and gives it to people who dont really need it. ObamaCare and Medicare have both taught ignorant Americans to not get a job because they can get the same amount of money in the form of a hand out instead of actually working for it and contributing to the economy. The tax breaks for small firms and other factors are reliant by how much small businesses spend on health coverage (Harrison). Tax†¦show more content†¦In 2007, was when the most current economic decline was introduced. Even when the U.S. is weakening, ObamaCare will diminish the labor force size even more. Its odd that intelligent people let welfare systems run as they do; state representatives should change these systems and make better systems the encourage good parenting (Welfare, SSI Systems Are Being Abused by Irresponsible Parents). State representatives should be working on chaining the welfare system and how it operates. There are a great deal of people who are on the welfare program. There are so many people that have welfare, that it would be very difficult to give them all jobs. If people could be responsible for their own children, welfare wouldnt even be needed. Welfare is hurting society as well. People would rather have another baby than give up their welfare and go to work. (Welfare, SSI Systems Are Being Abused by Irresponsible Parents). People dont want to work, they just want handouts to pass by in life. Medicaid disposals grew by about 100.2% throughout the years past. Poverty will only get worse with ObamaCare continuing to exist. Essentially, ObamaCare is corrupting society. This displays how careless the government is about money in society. There are so many people who cannot open their eyes to see the destruction caused by social welfare. The government is truly paying people to not work. Thousands of people have realized that if they keepShow MoreRelatedWelfare Marijuana Of Our Society1303 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare -The Cannabis of Our Society Welfare has been a major controversy in the realm of social policy for many years. Welfare has become a fundamental part of everyday life for many families. The present state of Welfare does not encourage job growth, reduce poverty, or reduce dependence on governmental aid in the United States despite its work relief elements and large governmental programs. Currently the United States’ Welfare system is being abused by its members and it should be monitoredRead MoreWelfare System : A Need Of Reform1022 Words   |  5 PagesWelfare System: In Need of Reform During the past two decades, predominantly since the mid-1990s, congress has intensely restructured the nation’s system of cash welfare assistance for low-income families. The welfare system was intended to be a safety net for those facing economic poverties in order to help workers get back on their feet. However, welfare programs seem to have spiked the unemployment percentage and increased expenditure on social welfare programs at expeditious rates. Although supportersRead MoreWelfare and Pogressive Tax Rates Essay example1588 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment’s effectiveness is based upon how well it is able to help its people on all spectrums of society so I believe that the United States should adopt certain aspects of a welfare state similar to the Europeans and also have more progressive tax rates. I believe that universal health care and education are essential parts in a welfare state while some other programs like unemployment benefits are not as important. Fi rst I will first explain why the government has a moral responsibility to helpRead MoreEssay about Immigrants Are Americans Too1405 Words   |  6 PagesThe 1996 welfare reform, also known as the Personal Responsibility Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), was enacted to increase the efficiency of the welfare system but its discriminatory nature has resulted in economic hardship, lack of funds to receive food, and poorer health among new immigrants to the United States. One of the main provisions of the PRWORA was that it repealed Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and replaced it with Temporary Assistance to Needy FamiliesRead MoreHow Soical Programs Are Bring Down the United States Economy Essay examples578 Words   |  3 PagesAre social programs such as the welfare program in the United States causing a disorder in the order of subsidiarity and the cycle of the economy? Yes, some of the social programs in the United States have caused a disorder in the order of subsidiarity and the cycle of the economy. Objection 1. Social programs such as welfare have not caused a disorder in subsidiarity and the cycle of the economy. These social programs are critical for a nation’s poor citizens living in poverty levels. ObjectionRead MoreRoosevelts Socialist Plans Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pagesmany banks failed, unemployment rates rose, and people lost faith in the economy. (About the Great Depression) A combination of all those things led to the downward spiral of the American economy. During this time people needed someone to look up to for change and guidance, that person was Franklin D. Roosevelt. Roosevelt was elected president in 1932. Once he was elected he came up with the New Deal programs. These programs were a series of government funded projects that lowered unemployment, strengthenedRead MoreThe Social Work Policies1506 Words   |  6 Pages Social Work Policies Social Welfare Q 1 Income support policies in the United States Income support policies in the United States view the monetary aspect of individual and family well-being. Income support policies are categorized into two that is direct cash transfers and indirect cash transfers. Income support programs are aimed at reducing poverty levels and boosting the economic growth of United States. Major historical developments took place in the late 1950s. In 1958, social securityRead MoreDrug Testing Welfare Recipients Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesWhile there are many people who disagree with testing welfare recipients, the truth is that the pros greatly outweigh the cons. The long term improvements that drug testing will have on the country are substantial. The wellbeing and stability of America’s children, unemployment, fairness across the board for all Americans and the economy; all play substantial rolls in how drug testing welfare recipients is a positive move forward for each U.S. state. As stated by childwelfare.gov, an estimated 9 percentRead MoreThe Issue Of Welfare And Welfare1360 Words   |  6 Pagessocial security payment. This is essentially what welfare is. Welfare comes in all different shapes and sizes but its main focus is to take money from taxes and hand it out to the people who need it. Now welfare as a whole is a very understandable system and is very helpful to those who fall out of work and need a little help to sustain themselves while they get back on their feet. However, people are living on welfare and will always live on welfare until the government makes improvements within itsRead MoreThe State of Welfare Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesThe welfare system in the United States performs a wide variety of functions to assist people who have fallen onto hard times. Welfare programs are an evolution of the British Poor Laws whose roots lie in basic charity and the human ideology that one should aid those less fortunate. Today’s welfare sy stem , being controlled by the state and federal governments are by no means perfect, but they do provide a more stable form of assistance so that the people of the United States know that if they

The International Spread And Proliferation Of Mba Programme

1.0 INTRODUCTION Over the years Master’s of Business Administration (MBA) degree has increased in popularity. In 2002 Stern indicated that, worldwide more than 100,000 people were pursuing the MBA degree (Stern, 2002). The majority of these individuals may be pursuing the MBA in order to bring about a positive change in their career or to change careers outright (Sturges et al., 2002). The international spread and proliferation of MBA programme attracted students to their career as well as to individual and organisational benefits of this degree (Leeming and Baruch, 1998). Within career theory, it is generally recognised that ‘career’ is not a straight forward concept. Increasingly, ‘career’ is accepted as encompassing more than just work†¦show more content†¦Although we are a couple off business cycles removed from that bubble and other business fads have since come and gone, our entrepreneurial spirit and industrial mentality have remained undiminished. Fue lled by steadily rising post-MBA salaries and a burgeoning global economy that has never more international b-school hopefuls dreaming of western schools, the number of application in top programs continues to climb. In GB500, my particular though was to open the vistas of my business perspective, as they were essential too. I thought I will learn few strategic techniques to get a particular bent of mind in business and would learn the new indispensable contents which are related to marketing and other areas. My original view was it would only be a theoretical portion of my course before studying it. After entering the few goals I set in my mind was The first goal- â€Å"To reveal a noble goal and a need for GB500†: A noble goal is essentially any goal that you deem worthwhile to pursue and that will enable you to contribute to your future organisation and society. Thus the goal of becoming a business oriented person is just like to become a doctor n Thailand, who need a business skills to open a chain of clinics. The second goal- â€Å"To explain how your background and experience act as stepping stone to your future career goals†: Although you may have interesting background, it is best that your future

Emma Goldman Free Essays

You can never imagine a world without Emma Goldman. Emma Goldman died on May 14, 1940. Emma dedicated her life to the creation of a radically social order. We will write a custom essay sample on Emma Goldman or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, she embraced anarchism for its vision; and it offered liberty, harmony, and social Justice. She had a deep commitment to absolute freedom and that led her to espouse a range of controversial causes. Goldman was a radical thinker. Forty years on she is more than emblematic, she is iconic. Emma Goldman was born in the imperial city of Russia of Kovno on June 27, 1869. Emma’s mother Taube was married to a man when he was 15 years old He later died and she was left with two children. Emma’s mother had a second marriage arranged to Abraham Goldman. First of all, when Emma was a child she constantly was abused by her stepfather when she displeased him. Emma was uncontrollable and rebellious to her stepfather â€Å"I’ll kill that brat†, he often said. (Gornick 7). Also, the family constantly moved from Konovo to Konigsberg to Petersburg. Emma’s education was very limited. Although she passed the exam to secondary school, she was denied the character reference necessary for admission. The religion teacher declared her â€Å"a terrible child who would grow into a worse woman† (Gornick 7. When Emma became 12 years old education came to an end for her. When Emma was 16 years old her father told her it was time for her to get married and he would arrange this. She begged once more to return to school instead of getting married. Emma begged her father to immigrate to the United States with her sister Helena; they both wanted to Join thei r older sister Lena already living in upstate New York. She had threated suicide to her stepfather because her stepfather did not let her immigrate and later he let her go. In 1885, Emma immigrated to the United States and settled in Rochester, New York. She began working in clothing factories in 1886 and by the age of fifteen she worked in a corset factory. Also, Emma worked 10 hours a day and Emma only made two and a half dollars a week. Emma met Joseph Kershner at one of her Jobs and he also shared a love for books and hatred for work. She was only 18 years old when he had convinced her that they should marry. Moreover, she learned that he was depressed and he was attracted to Emma because he thought his vitality would rescue from himself. She sued him for divorce and left him within a few months of their wedding. By 1889, she developed anarchist ideas. Her speeches attracted attention in the United States. Emma formed a close association with Alexander Beckman who was imprisoned during 1892 for attempting to assassinate Henry Clay Flink during the Homestead Steel Strike. Beckman was Goldman’s first real love. Hecklers suppressed her lectures. Also, police officers would suppress her speeches and writing. Eventually, she was arrested so often that she began to carry a book wherever she went because she feared sitting in Jail with nothing to read. Emma was arrested in New York City in 1893 for inciting a riot when a group of unemployed workers reacted to a speech she had given. Goldman embarked on tours in Europe and the United States after her release from prison. In 1906, she had founded Mother Earth, a Moreover, in 1908 Goldman’s naturalization as a citizen was revoked by a legal stratagem. She had published â€Å"Anarchism† and other essays two years later. Emma Goldman went to Jail because she spoke freely on birth control. When World War I broke out in Europe she opposed United States involvement and she later agitated against military conscription. In June 1917 she was sentenced for two years for these activities. In 1901, Leon Czologosz claiming he was acting under Goldman’s influence, assassinated Although she had not been involved and only met him briefly, she was arrested immediately as an accomplice. Lack of evidence eventually forced the authorities to release her from prison. In September 1919 she was caught in hysteria over a largely imaginary network of communist operatives. Emma was called Red Emma because she was declared a subversive alien and she was deported to the Soviet Union. She did not stay there for very long. Two years after leaving she ecounted her experiences in her book My Disillusionment in Russia (1923). Goldman was an advocate for birth control, workers’ rights, equality, sexual freedom, and independence for women. Also, she was either harassed or arrested anytime she gave a lecture and she was also banned outright for speaking sometimes. Goldman had become a prominent fgure as a woman in the fght for freedom in America, for economic freedom for women, racial education, and anti-militarism Even though Emma was hostile against religion she had core beliefs emerging from a Jewish tradition that had championed a universal Justice. Emma applied her ideas about free love to women, men, homosexuals, and heterosexuals consistently. Emma believed that individuals should enter into and leave personal relationships with no constraints, a view determined by her commitment to the principle of absolute freedom and her experience of a failed marriage. She stated, â€Å"If I ever love a man again I will give myself to him without being bound by the rabbi or the law, and when that love dies, I will leave without permission. † (Goldman 1889). Goldman helped launch the No Conscription League in May 1917, soon after the entry into World War . She and Berkman were arrested for conspiring against the draft in 1917. Emma had argued her actions far from being anti American, were intended to prompt her adopted country to live up to its own ideas. Emma believed that the United States they had no right to make a war and she was a pacifist. Also, rather than organizing a conspiracy to obstruct the draft, she said, she had been claiming to exercise her rights to free rights and she had been educating her audiences about conscientious objection. After Goldman’s release she was re arrested on the order of the young J. Edgar Hoover, who had persuaded the courts to deny Goldman’s citizenship. In 1920 she and Beckman had questioned the Soviet leader on the lack of freedom of speech and the press and the persecution of anarchists in Soviet Russia. Goldman spent the rest of her days in exile from the United States wandering through Sweden, Germany, France, England, and Canada. In 1925, she married an English Coal Miner but it was only a formality to obtain her British citizenship. In the 1920s and 1930s she struggled economically and was frustrated by the restrictions on her status as an xile on political activities. Also, she engaged herself in literary projects and in 1931 she wrote an autobiography Living My Life. Emma became increasingly concerned about the rising tide of Fascism and Nazism. The next several years she lectured Canada where she worked to gain asylum for Spanish refugees and helped foreign born radicals threatened with deportation to fascist countries. For example in July 1936, when the Spanish American War erupted Goldman supported the Loyalist cause with an enthusiasm reminiscent of her early years in America. â€Å"In addition, narchists had succeeded in receiving popular support in parts of Spain. How to cite Emma Goldman, Papers

Service Design Elements Essay Example

Service Design Elements Essay Service Design Elements Name: Institution: Instructor: We will write a custom essay sample on Service Design Elements specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Service Design Elements specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Service Design Elements specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Course: Date: Introduction Nature of industry The service industry is an industry that deals with provision of services rather than goods and there are diverse subcategories in this industry based on the type of service offered by the service provider. This may include communications, banking, medicine and any other intangible service. My main interest in the service industry is the advertisement industry, mainly the television commercial advertisements. TV commercials involve two main tasks that are creation of the advertisement and placement of the advertisement on televisions through a specific airtime period bought to enable it to its message to the consumers (Buur, Binder et al, 2000). In this industry, competence and quality production are vital, as this will render the final production acceptable and of the required broadcast standards making it acceptable to the networks broadcasting it on the television. This is a competitive industry involving heavy financial investments. Hence, the owners of the advertisement should ensure that selection of a production company is thorough choosing an agency with expertise in quality broadcast production and an understanding of broadcast standards avoiding sub-standard productions that would lead to rejections (Buur, Binder et al, 2000). The broadcast networks often measure the popularity of a certain program to determine how much they will charge a company to run their advertisement in some period during the running of the show. Services provided Services provided by television commercial advertisements are marketing services for producers of goods and other service providers to reach a wide market base in different widely based locations. Television commercials enable the advertising company to inform people of their products and persuade them to purchase the products through a short clear advertisement that mostly runs for thirty to sixty seconds at intervals of periods in what is known as commercial breaks. Television commercials have a big impact as they use jingles or slogans, humor and animation to grasp people’s attention and follow that up by short, precise and persuasive words to convince the consumer to purchase the particular product. Target market The target market for this industry is unlimited depending on the product being advertised. The TV commercial industry does marketing for various companies hence the advertisements will be made in such a way that it targets the specific people that the clients have in mind. How the eight elements of service provision support the service quality provision in television advertisements services In the service industry regardless of the service being provided there are eight key elements governing the provision of these services hence ensuring quality provision of services. These are delivery systems, facility design, information, location, capacity planning, managing capacity and demand, service encounter and quality (SCRIBD, 2012). The strategic application of these key elements renders a company dependable, providing services of high quality hence enabling it to gain a good reputation among its clients. Message delivery system The first element is the understanding of the objective of the advertisement in its creation to ensure that the correct message is sent to the target audience. This should consider whether the adverts intention is informative, reminder or persuasive. An informative commercial is that which is meant to inform the public of a new product in the market, one with no prior existence hence it notifies the consumers of its availability in the market creating in them an urge to try it. A reminder is an advert whose main aim is to keep the audience interested. These are commercials made for products enjoying a monopolistic advantage in the market due to lack of similar goods in supply hence its aim is to remind the viewers of its presence and encourage them to keep purchasing. Persuasive commercials are those that occur where a product is already in the market but there are other competing products hence the producer the public of the benefits of their products over the competitor’s products in order to remain ahead of competition. The creation and provision of these services should be with speed, that is, the production to the running process of the commercial should take the shortest possible period saving on costs on the clients’ part (SCRIBD, 2012). At the same time, it should allow the message to be passed on to the consumers in a period most effective where the relevance of the advertisement of the product in relation to the targeted consumers is easily diffusible. Facility design The other element in television commercial advertisements is the design in message delivery. How the advertisement is delivered is crucial, as this will determine the responsiveness of the audience to what is relayed in the advertisement, if they believe it and how strong their conviction will be. An important characteristic of television adverts is their ability to generate interest in the subject matter within a short span. Hence, in relation to the product being advertised, the advertisement should be easily understandable and relayed in a manner that creates an interest in that product in question. In the stage the product uses slogans that are easy to comprehend and memorize, it also employs good quality graphics that are pleasant to watch. It is in this stage that the graphic design elements such as balance, contrast, emphasis, proportion, pattern, rhythm, unity, variety, space, texture, shape, form, value and color come into play to bring out the best graphic representation (P rofessional Advertising, 2012). There is also utilization of techniques such as humor and fantasy creation to appeal to the consumers desires. This will result in increased sales for the client and with good quality productions and responsiveness due to the dependability of the productions. Information Here the advertisers focus on gathering information on consumer expectations in TV commercials, what their expectations on the standards are in order to provide a production that portrays great knowledge and skill in the field. Hence, it is able to highlight the positive traits of the commodity in question and its uniqueness from its competitors, making it the product of choice over the rest. This is done in an effort to create the best marketing experience for the clients resulting in increased consumer preference to the product (Normann, 2000). This will create a good reputation for the company with it retaining most of its clients due to its dependability. The collection of information by the advertisement company will also enable it in coming up with advertising approaches that relate with the target audience and that are in line with development in technology making the production process a more successful and quality oriented one. Location In advertisement, location is important in that different consumers in different locations have different norms and cultures hence to sell a product to them different approaches would be applicable. The advertiser will have to understand the cultures of the major target groups in order to come up with a commercial that is appealing to them all while maintaining relevance. However, if an advertiser wishes to target a specific group then he will have to bias his production leaning more on the traits that appease the target consumers disregarding the tastes of others (Professional Advertising, 2012). Location is also important in that in some regions television advertising is more appreciated and adapted by many producers hence being located in such a place will ensure that the advertising company maximizes on service provision to the available client. However, the company should try to be located in a region where there is no congestion of competitors hence should focus on getting new clients in a place where there is a low supply of advertisers. The location should also ensure accessibility to the tools and machinery used in the production process without difficulty. This will enable the company to remain technology savvy while practicing cost reduction actions, which will lead in maximization of profits. Capacity planning Capacity planning is the process that aids in determining the production capacity needed to fulfill changing consumer demands in its services. Television advertising is constantly affected by changes in technology and market demands and due to competition; producers are upgrading products constantly to remain as the preferred choice to consumers. This means that the advertising company will have to expand to cater for all the new advertisement campaigns by their clients’ constantly taking place. The company should ensure that it is capable of producing quality productions and this should be done through acquiring trained personnel, acquiring the highest quality machinery and employment of work ethics in its service provision process (Burr, Binder, et al, 2000). Managing capacity and demand With the growth in the advertising field and realization of the impact of advertising on sales, more companies are adapting the practice. Hence, the advertisement companies should also ensure that they have the capacity to take up new productions and improve on its networks with broadcasting networks in order to create a better chance of getting airtime slots for their clients. They should also ensure that they are technologically capable of handling the increase in production levels so as not to compromise on quality of service provision to their clients. They should maximize on large-scale productions in order to enjoy economies of scale. Service encounter In provision of the advertising services, the advertising company with encounter diverse cultures hence they will have to put this cultures into consideration in order to reach the customers through their advertisements. They will have to study the consumer interests and requirements for their production to achieve maximum impact in increment of sales (Normann, 2000). The production company will also require understanding their client, the producers whom they represent. They also need to have a deep understanding of the available cable networks through which they can convey their advertisements to reach their consumers. They need to know how the networks run and the processes involved in getting an advertisement to run on the airwaves. Quality This is the most important element in TV commercials production in that all productions have to pass a certain standard for them to be aired. They have to be broadcast ready and the elements of design in the graphics have to be precise. High quality production will ensure that the commercials are clearly understandable and they fulfill the four criteria of advertisement that is attention attainment, interest creation, influencing a desire in consumers and prompting action on the consumers’ part (MPA MEDIA, 2012). This is what will render the production company competent and if it passes the quality test it will attain dependability from the clients, as they will trust the quality of the productions hence creating a good reputation for the company. References Buur, J., T. Binder, et al. (2000). â€Å"Taking Video beyond â€Å"Hard Data† in User Centered Design.† Design. Participatory Design Conference (PDC 2000). MPA MEDIA. (2012). Ad Design Elements. Retrieved from http://www.mpamedia.com/mrc/ad_design.php. Normann, R. (2000). Service Management: Strategy and Leadership in Service Business. Chichester; New York, Wiley. Professional advertising. (2012). The Elements of Design. Retrieved from http://www.myprofessionaladvertising.com/The%20Elements%20of%20Design.htm. Scribd. (2012). Service strategy. Retrieved from http://www.scribd.com/doc/60156557/3/Service-Design-Elements.

The Mouse Party Example

The Mouse Party Example The Mouse Party – Coursework Example The Mouse Party The Mouse Party Introduction The apparent of tiredness depicted by the mouse sitting on a couch in the interactive module made me select heroin. Statistics show that the total number of people using heroin worldwide is about 9.2 million (Heroin Statistics - Facts About Heroin Addiction, Use & Death - Drug-Free World, n.d.)DiscussionMorphine, which is a natural extract of the poppy plant, is used to prepare heroin. After synthesization, the heroin drug appears as a brown or a white powdered substance (DrugFacts: Heroin, 2014). Upon entry into the brain, the heroin is reconverted back to morphine that binds itself to opioid receptors. The opioid receptors for pain and reward are the ones affected. The receptors control automatic life processes such as arousal and respiration. The overdose caused by heroin intake suppresses breathing. The result is a decrease in the supply of oxygen to the brain. The user then develops a condition known as hypoxia. Hypoxia causes neurolo gical and psychological effects and eventual brain damage. The behavioral changes observed include skin flushing, clouded mental functioning and euphoria. There are various ways of combating heroin addiction, which include self-help groups, preventive measures, medication and behavioral therapies (DrugFacts: Heroin, 2014). Vicodin, Methadone, Buprenorphine and OxyContin are some of the drugs which are medicated for heroin treatment. Some of the most effective behavioral therapy approaches include cognitive-behavioral therapy and contingency management. In the event, that both behavioral and medication methods have failed in helping a heroin addict, then rehabilitation becomes the next option.Conclusion Heroin is a very addictive substance to the user and as such, can be very costly. Since the purchase of heroin is very expensive, I prefer the preventive methods of combating cocaine addiction rather than the medication and behavioral therapies.Reference ListDrugFacts: Heroin. (2014, October 1). Retrieved February 27, 2015, from drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/heroinHeroin Statistics - Facts About Heroin Addiction, Use & Death - Drug-Free World. (n.d.). Retrieved February 27, 2015, from drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/heroin/international-statistics.htmlMouse Party. (n.d.). Retrieved February 27, 2015, from http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/mouse/

Beginning Level Writing for ESL Describing Cities

Beginning Level Writing for ESL Describing Cities Read the following paragraphs introducing Portland, Oregon. Notice that each paragraph focuses on a different aspect of the city. Portland, Oregon is located in the northwest of the United States. Both the Columbia and the Willamette river run through Portland. It is the largest city in the state of Oregon. The city is famous for its proximity to the mountains and the ocean, as well as its relaxed, friendly inhabitants. Approximately 500,000 people live in Portland while the Portland metro area has a population of over 1.5 million inhabitants. The main industries in the Portland area include computer chip manufacturing and sportswear design. In fact, two famous sportswear companies are based in the Portland Area: Nike and Columbia Sportswear. The largest employer is Intel which employs over 15,000 people in the greater Portland metro area. There are also many smaller technology companies located in downtown Portland. Portlands weather is famous for its rain. However, the spring and summer are quite lovely and mild. The Willamette V alley to the south of Portland is important for its agriculture and wine production. The Cascade Mountains are located to the east of Portland. Mt. Hood has three major skiing facilities and attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. The Columbia river gorge is also located close to Portland. Tips for Writing an Introduction to a City Discuss one aspect of the city in each paragraph. For example, one paragraph about general facts and population, one paragraph about industries, one paragraph about culture, etc.Use resources such as Wikipedia to help you find facts about the city.Use its as a possessive when writing about a city (not her, or his). For example, Its main exports are ...When using numbers, write out the numbers up to twenty. For larger numbers, use numerals. For example: There are two professional sports organizations ... BUT There are over 130,000 inhabitants in XYZ.Use million when expressing very large numbers. For example, 2.4 million people live in the greater metro area.Make sure to capitalize specific names of companies and monuments.Use both the comparative and superlative forms to make statements relating to other cities and regions. For example: It is the largest producer of apples in the state. Helpful Language Location X is located in the Y region of (country)X lies between the A and the B (mountains, valleys, rivers, etc.)Located at the foot of the B mountainsLocated in the R valley Population X has a population of ZMore than (number) people live in XApproximately (number) people live in XWith a population of (number), X ....inhabitants Features X is famous for ...X is known as ...X features ...(product, food, etc.) is important for X, ... Work The main industries in X are ...X has a number of Y plants (factories, etc.)The main employers of X are ...The largest employer is ... Writing About a City Exercise Choose a city you would like to describe.Find a research page for reference purposes. You can use sites like Wikipedia, magazines, or other resources.Choose three or four broad topics you would like to discuss.For each topic, write down a list of specific facts using your reference materials. For example: Â  Weather -Â  more than 80 inches of snow on average extremely hot summers etc.Take each fact and write a sentence about that fact. For example:Boulder receives more than 80 inches of snow on average each winter.Combine your sentences into a paragraph on each broad topic. Make sure to use linking language, pronouns, etc. to link the ideas in your sentences into a logical sequence.If you are using a computer, make sure to spell check your work.

Organisational Behaviour Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organisational Behaviour - Case Study Example Lack of managerial control is a key OB issue related to the case. It can be observed that Anne Parker, the senior branch assistant, fails to control the junior employee Ronny Tristan. The newly joined Ronny Tristan is not taking his immediate boss seriously. That means Anne fails apply authority properly. A number of times Anne has complained about Tristan to the top level management. It reinforces the fact that lack of managerial control is evident from the side of Anne Parker. The behaviour of Ronny Tristan is not only pinching Anne but also causing problems for the official environment. Unfortunately lack of managerial control has created deadlock for the situation. Sometimes Anne is getting harsh with Ronny and sometimes behaving in soft way. This kind of inconsistency is creating less managerial control. Lack of accountability from the side of Ronny Tristan is also an important issue in this case. One thing is clear that Ronny Tristan is not giving his hundred percent in his works. His focuses are not at all there. He is taking his bosses pretty lightly. In spite of number of warnings or whistle blowing form Anne, Ronny is not taking them seriously. It means there is a significant problem regarding the accountability of Ronny. Day by day scale of business operations is gaining momentums. It requires significant accountability from all the levels of the organization. But that amount of accountability is missing from the side of Ronny. He is not at all cooperating with other staffs and his boss. His attitudes towards the stipulated works are not proper. In this case team problem is highly evident. Team environment is an integral part of the organizational behaviour. In this case that team environment specifically between Anne and Ronny is missing. There is a clear cut evidence of disconnection between these two persons. In every

Nepal Water for Health (NEWAH) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nepal Water for Health (NEWAH) - Essay Example This is the Nepal and alternative energy promotion centre (WECS, 2011). This implies compliance and easy to access the funds that will develop the project. Among the steps within this stage include; This is one of the critical and complex steps in the implementation process. It involves requesting and evaluating all the proposals presented. It also involves assembling a team, determination of the financing mechanism, development of the scope of work, specifying the performance criteria, addressing all the possible emerging issues to ensure compliance (Dixit, A. 2010) and develop the required proposal to the financiers. The team selected will ensure that the required community participation and literacy provisions are met to facilitate the success of the project. This will be based on the traditional spirit of the members of the Sandikhola village. The team should emphasize the use of non skilled volunteer to provide the much needed labor but the skilled personnel should be acquired from outside. In the personnel acquisition stage, skilled personnel from the respective villages should be given priority. Beside the team should designate a project champion to who can get the projects over barriers through determination, authority or sheer excitement. Among the notable funding agencies include; DFID Australian Aid, EU/ECHO , Norway (Norad) , Denmark (Danida), British Embassy (UKM), Nepal, SDC, Canada (CIDA), World Bank , Finland , ADB, Austria, Japan, Netherlands (NET/SNV) , JICA, Sweden (SWI/SIDA), USAID and Central Queensland University (ADB ,2010 ) The scope of work defines what the community wants out of the project. This is adopted as the heart for the request of the proposal. This comprises of the type o renewable energy system, considered location of the system, site requirements and the specifications of system performance. This

JB Hi-FI Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Report

JB Hi-FI Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Report Ming Chak Ip Report: Part A For JB Hi-FI there are 4 types of corporate social responsibility to report. The environmental section must be included and it provides information on actions the company is taking to meet carbon footprint requirements. Second are Philanthropic responsibilities stating how the company supports charities through funding. Third is ethical involves workplace safety or the employee health and mainly involves the welfare of employees at the workplace. Lastly are the ethical responsibilities. They are responsibilities of the company to do what is right and without any obligation. Part B On the CSR initiatives employed by JB HI-FI is the Helping Hands program. It is a philanthropic initiative whereby directors, executives and employees offer donations towards the financial gain of community partners and has already raised $10 million for their charity partners (page 15). JB HI-FI also has donation boxes in their stores where customers donate at the point of sale. JB Hi-FI is also a member of Employer Leadership Group (ELG) that creates awareness of workplace giving to support the charitable sector (page 15). JB HI-FI has also disclosed its environmental sustainability statement. Some initiatives include the carbon disclosure project that monitors and reports annual energy consumption/emissions. There is also the Smarter Choice Program for advice on energy efficiency of commodities. JB HI-FI is a signatory to the Australian Energy Packaging Covenant hence commits to reduced effects of packaging on the environment. Others include the mobile phone recycling and re-uses that helps lower entry of mobile phones into landfill, the Cartridge 4 Planet Ark for re-cycling used printer cartridges and recycling of paper, cardboards and old appliances (page 14). Third in CSR are ethical responsibilities. JB HI-FI code of conduct specifies respect accorded to employees, there rights and freedoms, professional ethics and adherence to laws and regulations (page, 10). In the ethics statement, they state responsibility to respect suppliers, employees and customer and protect their personal sensitive information. The firm is committed to a safe working environment to its employees and there is also a diversity statement whereby JB HI-FI fully values diversity of skills, gender, experience and background of its employees (page 9). Part C Various theories support CSR. There are instrumental theories. JB HI-FI tries to maximize shareholder value and thats the reason the company uses the Helping Hands program where employees try to meet social demands. It also involves strategies for competitive advantages. For example, recycling is cost saving to the firm in addition to protecting the environment hence creates competitive advantages. Instrumental theories also involve cause-related marketing. For instance, JB Hi-FI has partnered with charitable firms where it makes donations and in turn builds its brand. The second CRS theories are political theories. JB HI-FI has made major interactions with the society hence had gained corporate citizenship through partnerships. The social contact with environmental bodies and charitable firms mandates the firm to give back to the community as demonstrated by its philanthropic initiatives. Last theory is Integrative theories. The community has social demands that offer the firm some legitimacy (Garriga, Melà ©, 2004). Since greenhouse gas emissions are a social demand, JB HI-FI has to meet such social demands to attain greater social acceptance. It validates the environmental sustainability initiatives implemented by the company. References List www.jbhifi.com.au. (2016). Annual Report JB Hi-Fi. [online] Available at: https://www.jbhifi.com.au/Documents/2016%20JB%20Hi-Fi%20Annual%20Report_ASX.pdf [Accessed 23 Mar. 2017]. Garriga, E., Melà ©, D. (2004). Corporate social responsibility theories: Mapping the territory. Journal of business ethics, 53(1), 51-71.

Photosynthesis – Limiting Factors

[pic] Photosynthesis Outline Terms and Vocabulary Autotroph Photosynthesis Photon Pigment Chloroplast Reaction Center Electron Donor Molecule Electron Transport System Ferredoxin NADPH RuBP PGA Cuticle Stomata Rubisco Photorespiration C4 Pathway Concepts 1. What are two Adaptations of plant leaves for capturing light? 2. Describe the properties of Light Energy in terms of energy and wavelength. 3. Why are Pigments important for Photosynthesis? 4. What two types of reactions take place during photosynthesis? 5. Summarize the results of Light dependent Reactions. . Summarize the results of Light-Independent Reactions. 7. Where are the pigments for the light-dependent reactions located in the leaf? 8. What is the function of a photosystem? 9. What is the function of water in the light-dependent reactions? 10. Describe the similarities and differences of Photosystems I & II 11. What are the limiting factors to photosynthesis? 12. Describe adaptations that allow the leaf to retain water. 13. Explain how photorespiration reduces production of glucose. Look at the graphs below. A |[pic] |B |[pic] | |C |[pic] |D |[pic] | 1. Which graph best shows the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis? 2. 3. Which graph best shows the effect of increasing carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis? 4. Which graph best shows the effect of increasing temperature if light and carbon dioxide are not limiting (i. e. he levels of light and carbon dioxide are high). If you plot the rate of photosynthesis against the levels of these three limiting factors you get graphs like the ones below. [pic] Limiting Factor In biology, agricultural science, physiology, and ecology, a limiting factor is one that controls a process, such as organism growth or species population size or distribution. The concept is based upon Liebig's Law of the Minimum put forth by German geochemist, Justus von Liebig, in 1840. It can be easy to conceive how a limiting resou rce (say, food) controls a process (say, growth) by running low or running out.However, some biological and ecological processes are controlled by too much of a factor (such as heat) rather than too little. Or, processes may be controlled by complex interactions of factors (Shelford, 1952). At any given moment, the rate of a physiological process is limited by the one factor which is in the shortest supply. (Toole pg 273) – The factor which is nearest its minimum value determines the rate of the reaction. – Changing the levels of this factor will change the rate of the reaction. Changing the levels of the other factors will have no effect on the rate of the reaction. Example [pic] [pic] 1. Up to A1, A2 and A3 the concentrations of CO2 is the limiting factor for the respective light intensities. 2. Low Light Intensity: beyond A1 light intensity is the limiting factor because increasing the light intensity (medium value) increases the rate of photosynthesis. 3. Medium Li ght Intensity: beyond A2 light intensity is the limiting factor because increasing the light intensity (high value) increases the rate of photosynthesis. . High Light Intensity: beyond A3 the limiting factor could be light intensity, chlorophyll content, temperature or the enzyme system. It cannot be CO2 concentration because increase in CO2 concentration does not lead to an increase in photosynthesis. [pic] 1. Up to A1, A2 and A3 the light intensity is the limiting factor for the respective CO2 concentrations. 2. Low CO2 concentration: beyond A1 CO2 concentration is the limiting factor because increasing the CO2 concentration (medium value) increases the rate of photosynthesis. . Medium CO2 concentration: beyond A2 CO2 concentration is the limiting factor because increasing the CO2 concentration (high value) increases the rate of photosynthesis. 4. High CO2 concentration: beyond A3 the limiting factor could be CO2 concentration, chlorophyll content, temperature or the enzyme system . It cannot be light intensity because increase in light intensity does not increase photosynthesis. [pic] In commercial greenhouses horticulturists try to maximise productivity by maximising the rate of photosynthesis.How do they achieve this? – Clear glass maximizes light intensity – Extra lighting in winter – Glass traps heat energy from solar radiation – Heaters raise night time temperature – Gas and oil heaters put extra carbon dioxide into the air. [pic] Photosynthesis and productivity †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   carbon gain by the plant (biomass) is dependent on the balance between carbon uptake by photosynthesis and carbon loss by respiration †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   factors influencing productivity include – light, – CO2, – temperature, – environmental factors: light:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   at low fluence levels, there is a net loss of CO2 †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   light compensation point is where CO2 uptake and exchange equal zero (equivalent to an office or room) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   as fluence rate increases above compensation point, so does photosynthesis (C3 plants) until light saturation is reached (1/4 to ? full sun) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   light saturation occurs because CO2 is limiting †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   C4 plants don’t achieve light saturation as rapidly as C3 plants CO2: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CO2 content in atmosphere is about 0. 035% by volume (well below CO2 saturation point in plants) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   at higher fluence rates when CO2 is not imiting, photosynthesis increases †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   some commercial growers practice CO2-enrichment to increase yield and biomass   temperature: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   temperature response is influenced by temperature dependence of enzymes and chemical reactions †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   cardinal points are used to describe te mperature minimum maximum, and optimum of a reaction †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   many reaction rates tend to decline sharply following optimum due to enzyme denaturation †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   for photosynthesis, temperature response curves represent the average of many different enzymes, but are dominated by rubisco (C3 plants) and PEPcase (C4 plants) water:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   water stress causes a decline in photosynthesis †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   water stress triggers stomatal closure and subsequent decrease in CO2 levels †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   turgor pressure reduces leaf expansion decreasing photosynthetic surface area †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   even mild water stress causes decrease in net photosynthesis nutrients, pathology, and pollutants: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   photosynthetic capacity is especially sensitive to nitrogen †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   rubisco accounts for ;50% of total leaf nitrogen †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   pathogen stress reduces photosynthetic capacity †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   environmental pollutants (sulpher dioxide, ozone, heavy metals) also reduce capacity eaf factors: Question:   Which has a higher photosynthetic rate – a pine tree needle or a maple tree leaf? Why might needles be favored over leaves on pine trees? †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   productivity of plants is impacted by leaf canopy †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   canopy is determined by age, morphology, angle and spacing of individual leaves †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   in older plants, lower leaves may be shaded and fall below light compensation point (negative carbon gain) and are a burden to the plant †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   many annuals undergo sequential senescence to avoid the burden †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   some leaves change with the angle of the sun [pic] pic] [pic] ———————– A plant in the dark does not photosyn thesize. [pic] Increasing the amount of light increases the amount of photosynthesis. [pic] Even if a plant in the dark is well watered and given increasing amounts of carbon dioxide it will not photosynthesize. Only a change in light intensity will alter the rate. Light is the limiting factor.

Indian constitutional law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2975 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Indian Culture Essay Political Essay Did you like this example? Such commissions are appointed to ensure that administration of the state is carried on in accordance to the provisions of the Constitution. However, the abuse of this power for political purposes cannot be ruled out. In his dissenting judgment in State of Karnataka v Union of India[i], the learned Judge held that such enquiry commission by the Union would impinge on the right of the state to function in its limited sphere allowed to it by the Constitution. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Indian constitutional law" essay for you Create order Learned judge held that as there is no specific Article in the Constitution enabling the Union Government to cause an enquiry into Governmental function of the state, the power cannot be assumed by ordinary legislation, but resort must be had to a Constitutional Amendment. The learned judge held that the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"enquiriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in entry 45 of list III should not be given a wide meaning as conferring on the Union and the state governmental powers to enact a provision to embark on an enquiry as to the misuse of governmental powers by the other. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Government cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The expression is used in the same sense in Articles 355-356. It has a very wide scope. It means the failure of a state government to work according to the constitution, in circumstances which have no necessary connection with external aggression, internal disturbance or violence, though this maybe the cause of the failure in particular cases. In fact, Article 356 contemplates cases of constitutional breakdown due to causes other than external or internal aggression (in the form of an armed rebellion), for which provision has an earlier been made in Article 352, and the case of financial breakdown which is dealt in Article 360. Thus, the Constitution itself provides that a Proclamation under Article 356 can be issued on the mere ground that the state has failed to carry out any of the directions issued under any of the relevant provisions of the Constitution.[ii] When compared with cl.(1) of Article 352, it is evident that Article 356(1) does not speak of any emergency of any kind; in fact the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"emergencyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is not used anywhere in Article 356. It is a proclamation intended either to safeguard against the failure of the constitutional machinery in a state to repair the effects of breakdown. It may be either a preventive or a curative acti on. A court can however interfere with such an action by the President as has no connection with the breakdown of the constitutional machinery, e.g., if a suspension of a state government is ordered only because the Chief Minister belongs to a particular caste or creed. This would be an instance of ultra vires, that is the use of the power for a purpose other than that intended by the Article. Of course, while the marginal note to Article 356 uses the words à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"failure of constitutional machinery in statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, cl.(1) of the Article uses the words cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. The latter are indeed words of the widest import, and if applied literally, they might mean the failure of the state government to comply with each and every provision of the Constitution, and whatever maybe the extent or degree of such failure. Article 356 produces the chapter headings of Government of India Act, 1935. Machinery o f Government does not ordinarily fail if this or that violation of the Constitution is violated, in the course of the states multifarious activities. The Directive Principles of State Policy which are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“provisions of the Constitutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  furnish a clearest instance of this. For example it would be absurd to suggest that if a state government did not carry out the Directive of State policy contained in Article 47 relating to the prohibition of intoxicating liquor that it can be said that there was a failure of constitutional machinery in the state. The state has merely exercised its legislative power in permitting the use of intoxicating liquor under liquor licensing laws and the state must bonafide come to the conclusion that the introduction of prohibition might be attended with greater evils which are undoubtedly produced by the consumption of intoxicating liquor. But the expression à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“provisions of the Constitutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  should be interpreted not in a narrow literal sense to signify only the formal words in the Constitution, but also comprising convention, usages and the democratic spirit underlying the Constitution. If forms of the Constitution are used to subvert its spirit, then the Constitution can be regarded as having broken down in the states. The exercise of the power under Article 356 is an extraordinary one and need to be used sparingly when the situation contemplated by Article 356 warrants to maintain democratic form of Government and to prevent paralyzing of the political process. Single or individual act or acts of violation of the Constitution, good, bad or indifferent administration does not necessarily constitute failure of the Constitutional machinery or characterizes that a situation that has arisen which the Government of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the Constitution. The powers given to the President by Article 365 are necessarily sufficient deterrent to State Governments not to defy directions given to them in the lawful exercise of the Union Governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s authority and power.[iii] The learned author further says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the exercise of that (i.e. power under Article 356) must be limited to a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“failure of constitutional machineryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , that is, to preserving the parliamentary form of Government from internal subversion, or from carrying on of Government practically impossible. Again, power under Article 356 may be exercised where the Governments of the states have been conducted for a period of time in disregard to the Constitution and the law. In the Rajasthan case,[iv] however, there are some observations which interpret the wider expression in Article 356(1) as equivalent to the expression à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"breakdown of the constitutional machineryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. At any rate, most of the Judges use the two expressions as interchangeable. It would be conducive to the national interest if both the legal and political world in India adhere to the narrow interpretation[v] for the following reasons: (i) If the history of the provision is to guide its interpretation, the observation of the architect, Dr. Ambedkar, are emphatic on the point that the scope of the Article would be confined to the sense of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"breakdown of constitutional machineryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢- and that this was an exceptional provision which should be applied only in the last resort. (ii) Even if one seeks to exclude the marginal note of Article 356 and to confine the interpretation to the words (failure to carry on the Government of the state) in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, but the failure to maintain the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"form of the Constitutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, which in relation to the Provincial part of the Constitution meant the form of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"responsible governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ as Krishnaswami Ayyar explained. (iii) The foregoing narrow interpretation would also follow that the premises explained by the framers of the Constitution themselves that Article 356 was a corollary or adjunct to the duty of the Union under Article 355 had been drafted on the model of Article IV(4) of the Constitution of the U.S.A. which enjoined the United States to guarantee to every state in the Union à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ a republican form of governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Broadly speaking that expression has been formed to mean à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a form that, as distinguished from aristocracy, monarchy or direct democracy rests on the consent of the people and operates through representative institutionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[vi] If that be so, neither the provisions in Article IV(4) of the American Constitution nor Article 355of the Indian Constitution (can be used to subvert the normal system of Government in a state on the plea of violation) of particular provisions of the Constitution, short of breakdown of the Constitutional machinery or form of r epresentative and responsible government. (iv) This would follow from the interpretation given by the makers of the Constitution to Article 355(draft Article 277A) to which Article 356 was intended as a supplement. It was explained that the draft Article 277A was an amalgation of Article IV (4) of the American Constitution and s.61 of the Australian Constitution Act, which empowered the executive Government of the Common wealth to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"maintainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ the Constitution. It does not appear that there is any case in which the expression à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"maintenance of the Constitutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has been interpreted to enforcement of every provision of the Constitution Act, as distinguished from the constitutional system in toto. The expression à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"in accordance with the provisions of the Constitutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, in Article 355 is, therefore to be interpreted in the light of the other two serious situations which precede this expression , namely, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"external aggressionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"internal disturbanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Therefore, it is the duty of the Union Government to protect (the states) against external aggression, internal disturbance and domestic chaos and to see that the Constitution is worked in a proper manner both in the states and the Union. If the Constitution is worked in a proper manner, in the States, that if responsible government as contemplated by the Constitution functions properly, th v) Dr. Ambedkar further explained that the federal system and the autonomy of the States within the sphere allotted to them by the Constitution were the foundations of the Constitution and that Articles 355-356 were introduced as exceptions to that normal system only when there was a likelihood of the failure of a state to maintain that system itself, in which case the Union would enforce its obligation to maintain that system: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in view of the fact that we are endowing the provinces with plenary powers and making them sovereign within their own field. It is necessary to provide that if any invasion of the provincial field is done by the Centre it is in virtue of this obligationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Namely the obligation to protect the states from external aggression or internal commotion or to maintain the Constitution in the Provinces i.e. the states. (vi) the very fact that the provision in Article 356 is included in Part XVIII as an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Emergency Provisionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢- even though as the Court has said, it has no relation to an emergency of any kind dealt with in Article 352- would lead to the conclusion that the situation contemplated in Article 356 is not one of mere irregularity or difficulty, but one in the nature of an emergency,- a breakdown of the Constitutional machinery, which calls for an abnormal remedy. In the Rajasthan case (para 40)[vii], BEG, C.J., preferred to take the wider interp retation of Article 356(1), to have both a preventive and a curative purpose, viz., (a) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"to safeguard against the constitutional machinery in a stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, as well as to repair the effects of a breakdown. In view of the views expressed by Dr.Ambedkar and other supporters of the provision in the constituent assembly, the proper view would be whether the purpose can be preventive or creative, the power can be used only in extreme cases, viz., when there is an actual or imminent breakdown of the constitutional machinery, as distinguished from a failure to observe particular provisions of the Constitution. The Proclamation dated 21.4.1989 under Article 356 was challenged before the Karnataka High Court and a full bench of the High Court dismissed the Writ Petition. The matter was taken in appeal before the Supreme Court and nine learned judges and considered the scope and power of Article 356.[viii] Similar proclamations were issued in regard to the Governm ent of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh on 15-12-1992. The Government of UP was also dismissed by issuing a Proclamation on 6-12-1992. Meghalaya and Nagaland Governments were also dismissed by Proclamation. All these proclamations were challenged before the Supreme Court and they were disposed by a common judgment in Bommai S.R v Union of India[ix]. In that decision, the Court held that the proclamation under 356 in so far as states of Karnataka, Nagaland and Meghalaya were concerned,was unconstitutional. In S.R.Bommai v Union of India, [x]it was held that a proclamation under Article 356 is justiciable and the Courts could look into the materials or the reasons disclosed for issuing the proclamation to find out whether those materials or reasons were wholly extraneous to the formation of the satisfaction and had no rational nexus at all to the satisfaction reached under Article 356. The Court upheld the proclamation based on the Governorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report o f horse trading among the legislators. The Court rejected the argument that the Governor should have ascertained the support of the Chief Minister on the floor of the House. In so far as the proclamation of emergency in Madhya Pradesh was concerned, it was challenged initially before the High Court reported in Sunderlal Patwa v Union of India.[xi] The full bench of majority of two to one invalidated the Proclamation under Article 356 issued on 15-12-1992. These incidents, the majority did not find adequate to justify an action under Article 356 must be if such magnitude as to satisfy the President that it would be impossible for the Government to carry on the state administration in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, as stated in Article 355. According to the High Court, no such ground or reason was made out for the invocation of power under Article 356. So far as the state of Nagaland was concerned, the same was also challenged before the High Court. The Divi sion Bench differed on the effective operation of Article 74(2) of the Constitution and hence the matter was referred to a third judge. But before the matter could be heard by the third judge, the Union of India moved the Supreme Court and the proceedings before the High Court was stayed. The Governorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report was in that case was in consequence of split in the ruling Congress Party and on the allegations of horse trading and alleged connection of some members of assembly with insurgency. In regard to Meghalaya, the assembly was dissolved on the ground that the Constitutional functionary has failed to release the binding legal consequences of the orders of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional obligation to give effect to the said order. Article 356 was invoked in the State of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh on the ground that many members of the Assembly had participated in Kar Seva at Ayodhya after the demolition of Babri Masjid at Ayodhya. The proclamation was issued on the ground that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“secularismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which is part of basic structure if the Constitution has been violated and the Governments of these states cannot discharge their functions honestly and effectively. The writ petitions challenging the proclamations in state of Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh were transferred to the Supreme Court on the request of the Union of India. Before considering the judgment in Bommaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, let us consider what transpired before the constituent assembly and its debates and also the recommendation of Justice Sarkaria Commission. Dr.Ambedkar observed, this drastic power as a penalty for unconstitutional acts done by a state government can be used only after other remedies have failed. In short, the Union cannot supersede a state government simply for the sake of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"good governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of the state.[xii] While exercising this power, the Government in power at th e Centre will also remember that its only object as a member of the drafting committee explained was to act as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"safety valveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to save the Constitution itself and was thus à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“to be tolerated as a necessary evilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Its use must therefore to claim that toleration be few and far between. Just as the frequent use of the amending power takes away the sanctity and reverence which is the foundation of every written constitution, similarly a frequent use of the emergency provision in Article 356 lamentably demonstrates that we are neither fit for federalism nor the Parliamentary system of government. Sarkaria,J.,made the following recommendations: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“1. Article 356 should be used sparingly, in extreme cases, as a measure of last resort, when all available alternatives fail to prevent or rectify a breakdown of Constitutional machinery in the state. All attempts should be made to resolve the crisis, its causes and ex igencies of the situation. These alternatives may be dispensed only in cases of extreme emergency where the failure on the part of the Union to take immediate action under Article 356 will lead to disastrous consequences. 2. A warning should be issued to the errant state in specific terms that it is not carrying on the government of the state in accordance with the Constitution. Before taking action under Article 356 any explanation received from the state should be taken into account. However, this may not be possible in a situation when not taking immediate action would lead to disastrous consequences. 3. When an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“external aggressionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“internal disturbanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  paralyses the state administration creating a situation drifting towards a potential breakdown of the constitutional machinery of the state, all alternative causes available to the Union for discharging its paramount responsibility under Article 355 should be ex hausted to contain the situation. [i] State of Karnataka v Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 68 (para 40). [ii] State of Rajasthan v Union of India, AIR 1977 SC 1361 paras 28, 39, 40 (Beg. C.J); 124(Chandrachud, J.); 137(Bhagwati, J.); 209 (Fazl Ali. J). [iii] H.M. Seervai, Constitutional Law of India, 4th Edition, 2007 Reprint, Volume III at pages 3090-91. [iv] State of Rajasthan v Union of India, AIR 1977 SC 1361 paras 28, 39, 40 (Beg. C.J); 124(Chandrachud, J.); 137(Bhagwati, J.); 209 (Fazl Ali. J). [v] Sarkaria Commission has adopted this view [Rep. I, paras 6, 3, 23], p.94. [vi] Corwin Peltason, Understanding the Constitution, (1967). [vii] State of Rajasthan v Union of India, AIR 1977 SC 1361 paras 28, 39, 40 (Beg. C.J); 124(Chandrachud, J.); 137(Bhagwati, J.); 209 (Fazl Ali. J). [viii] S.R.Bommai v Union of India, AIR 1994 SC 1918. [ix] S.R.Bommai v Union of India, AIR 1994 SC 1918 [x] S.R.Bommai v Union of India, AIR 199o Kant 5 (supra). [xi] Sunderlal Patwa v Union of India, 1993 Jab LJ 387 (FB). [xii] T.T.Krishnamachari, IX, C.A.D.,123, 125.

Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury - 985 Words

â€Å"If the freedom of speech is taken away then dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep to the slaughter.† These are the wise words of the famous George Washington. Washington fought against the British in the American Revolution in order to secure these rights for the American population and the next generations of Americans to come after him. He knew that as time progressed, people would eventually forget what these liberties meant to America. Ray Bradbury also knew this and wrote Fahrenheit 451 in order to warn people about it. He placed it in his book with ideas of propaganda such as parlor TVs, new stations run by the government, and most importantly the destruction of all books published all around the world. And they enforce these laws through the firemen who burn books, the newscasters whose spread untruthful news in order to keep society ignorant about what they have been doing, and lastly the Mechanical Hound which eliminates any threats to the government. There are many in the society, such as Guy Montag, who want to be rid of the fireman, the parlor TVs, and the Mechanical Hound in order for society to enjoy literary works without the fear of being persecuted or killed. Faber, Montag s mentor, feels that even if society has the opportunity to read books they will never truly enjoy it due to three reasons- people don t have decent quality material to read, they don t have the leisure to digest the information, they also don t have the ability to carry outShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury719 Words   |  3 PagesThe flash point of paper, or the temperature at which paper will burst in flames, is 451 degrees Fahrenheit. In Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, is a â€Å"fireman† in a futuristic society where he and his coworkers start fires, rather than put them out. Books are banned and burned, along with the owner of the book’s house and sometimes even the owner of the book, u pon discovery. Technology has taken over in a sense that social interaction between the average personRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1952 Words   |  8 Pagesis clearly displayed in the plight of Ray Bradbury’s novel about a dystopian American society, Fahrenheit 451, which contains many ideas and bits of content that some people believed should be censored. In fact, one of the reasons that this novel was censored for displaying the dangers of censorship, which is both extremely ironic, and telling as to where this society is going. Thanks to several distributors and oversensitive parents and teachers, Fahrenheit 451 has been banned in many schools overRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury954 Words   |  4 Pages In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the author uses allegory (often misinterpreted by readers) to show the dangers of mass media consumption and the decline of reading traditional media. Many readers draw incorrect conclusions (lessons learned) from the book due to how generally the book applies its theme. Government censorship, though an important topic, is not the intended focus of the novel Fahrenheit 451. Finally, Bradbury’s original message of the book shows the beauty of traditional media andRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen writing the introduction to Fahrenheit 451, author Neil Gaiman stated that â€Å"ideas--written ideas--are special. They are the way we transmit our stories and our thoughts from one generation to the next. If we lose them, we lose our shared history†. Gaiman is absolutely correct; especially because what he is saying heavily applies to books. Books are a critical aspect in shaping humanity as a whole, they create and share a network of creative ideas, history, and overall entertainment; to loseRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury918 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† written by Ray Bradbury, is a futuristic, dystopian novel based upon a society secluded by technology and ignorance. In this future society, books are outlawed and firemen are presented with the task of burning books that are found in people’s homes. Montag, a fireman, finds himself intrigued with the books, and begins to take them home and read them. As the story progresses, Montag learns the truth behind why books are outlawed and flees his city to join the last remnants of age-oldRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury847 Words   |  4 PagesSet Knowledge On Fire The book Fahrenheit 451 is a postmodern work by Ray Bradbury first published in 1951. In Bradbury’s story, all books are illegal and are subject to be burned by firemen. Furthermore, the two predominant themes of Fahrenheit 451 are censorship and ignorance. The censorship implemented over the years removes all information from society that is necessary to learn, which accomplishes to prevent people from questioning anything. The ignorance of society has been fostered and theRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1661 Words   |  7 Pages1.) In the novel, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Montag’s view on life reverses. Two characters the influence the main character Guy Montag are the old lady whose house and books were burnt down and Mildred. The old lady was caught preserving books in her home. Firemen including Montag were ordered to burn the books. The old lady refused to leave her books, so she too was burned. She bravely gave an allusion as her last words, â€Å"Play the man,’ she said, ‘Master Ridley.’ Something, somethingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury818 Words   |  4 PagesFAHRENHEIT 451 BY RAY BRADBURY Important People in Montag’s Life In Partical Fulfillment Of English 2 Ms Irina Abramov By Helen Hernandez November 9, 2012 â€Å"There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them† -Ray Bradbury. In the past there were events that affected book writers. People will get together to burn books because they thought it was inappropriate or they were against their literature. Montag is a fireman in a futuristic society who would startRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury863 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel, Fahrenheit 451 was written by Ray Bradbury and it took place in the dystopian future. Throughout each novel, we are able to see a major theme, which is censorship. In this essay, I will explain how this theme are explored in the story by using the literary devices. To begin with, in this novel, censorship is not given a straight description, but we can see how the author shows it through many literary elements, such as using the setting, tone and symbolisms even foreshadowing. This novelRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1544 Words   |  7 PagesRay Bradbury, the author of Fahrenheit 451, expresses his perspective on life in an interview. His interview contains a common theme: Do what you love, and love what you do (Bradbury). Bradbury sends a message in his interview that people should love life, and live to the fullest because he believes life is a beautiful thing. Although Bradbury no longer can demonstrate his love for life his message still lives in the pages of Fahrenheit 451. The Government of the society in the novel has told their