Analysis Of Napping Area On Oregon Tech Wilsonville Campus...

Napping Area on Oregon Tech Wilsonville Campus Executive Summery Comment by Matt Search: For this quick review, I?m not going to mark grammar/mechanics errors: I?ll focus on the organizational issues we discussed at our meeting. The napping area can be one of the student s need and Oregon Tech Wilsonville campus does not have this kind of service. Having a napping area can help increasing students? performance. The napping area should be in a safety place and safety equipment if the fire occurs. Therefore, the napping area should be on the first floor of the campus with emergency exits in the napping area. Implementing a napping area on Oregon Tech Wilsonville campus where with a quantity of eight long leather lounge chairs, will cost $3,815.84. Introduction Looking at the Oregon Tech Wilsonville? calendar, most classes on Oregon Tech Wilsonville campus are night classes and the classes about three hours of lecture. Other classes provided on campus are morning classes or afternoon classes. If the student has two courses a day, that leads to a long time break between them. As a student, the long break can be for studying, having lunch, or taking a nap. Looking at the campus facilities, and what a student can do between the two classes, some spaces are available to help student spend his/her time by studying, having lunch, but not for taking a nap inside the campus. Providing a rest zone (napping area) for students to nap can help students relax their bodies and their

Why You Want to Join Free Essays

Welcome parents and guardians. My name isaosfh. I am a student in Ib. We will write a custom essay sample on Why You Want to Join or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ib is an intense academic program that prepares students for success in university and life in general. Every one of us has goals that they want to accomplish and succeed; Ib helps push our limits and inspires us to reach those goals. Being in high school is different compared to middle school. It has it’s ups and downs. At times the homework load is heavy, and at times it’s not. However, with the right time management and organization skills your child will be just fine. Organization is an important skill you need not only in school but through out life. During middle school you only had one or two assignments you needed to complete, but high school is very different. If you don’t organize your time well, you will be stressed out from the homework load. During the first three weeks when school began, it was a big shock. It felt as if I had lost my social life, and was spending hours staying up late trying to complete projects. This was because I had bad work habits and left everything to the last minute. Because of my disorganization, my marks weren’t as high as they could be, and I wasn’t living up to my full potential. Then one day my teacher explained to us of things we could do to create more time for ourselves. The main thing she kept saying over and over was organization. So slowly, I started to improve my work habits. My first step was using my agenda. It is now my best friend, with it I know exactly what homework we have and I can record the time periods for how long I want to work on the assignment. Instead of doing the assignment all at the last minute, I’ve started breaking it up into little pieces. I am now not as overwhelmed, and I know I’m working harder then ever. By organizing my time I have eliminated any distractions I had in the past, and complete my homework it on time and with care. I now work more efficiently and am able to accomplish tasks. I also have regained my social life! How to cite Why You Want to Join, Essay examples

Response Plan To Address Flood Problem In Mumbai †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Response Plan To Address Flood Problem In Mumbai. Answer: Introduction Flooding has different impacts in different places, as a result of which the Flood Emergency Response plan has to m made taking into consideration the geographical scenario of the different places. Moreover, the emergency planning team must take sure, that they are having sufficient resources to control the flood in all the affected areas. One can make factors during the times of warning and this is the key to an important and effective emergency response to flood. Before making the plans, it is significant to take hard looks at the processes or the equipments in the low-lying areas and basement (Rosenthal tHart, 2012). The further guidance to make the plan for flood emergency would like to state the reader that the important steps that would be taken by the response team in Mumbai to render protection to the people who are badly affected by the disaster of flood. It would further communicate the reader about the important steps that would be taken by the emergency response plan and the steps that people must take in steps to give protection to them. The emergency plan did an excellent work through their mitigation policy, the stakeholders and the logistics team played an important role in this particular aspect (Rosenthal tHart, 2012). Situation In the month of July in Mumbai at Andheri Subway and Bandra, or the island city of Mumbai, the areas were affected due to flood out of heavy rain, which took place. This resulted to the saturation of soil and this lead to the running off rainfall into the rivers, this made the river to swell, and it would create flood in the surroundings as well around the islands of Mumbai. This flood would heavily affect too many people who stay closer to the river, who are very old and stay in low quality housing (Rosenthal tHart, 2012). After the visiting of the emergency response team, they have decided to give protection to those people who are suffering out of this problem. Against this background also by determining the situation, it is the responsibility of the leader of the response team to adopt an emergency response plan through the procedures of safety shut down and keeping away the inflammable and gas or liquid equipments (Drabek, 2012). Phase 1- Activities before flooding The practices of the plan have been triggered through the observation made by the rising water, weather forecasts or the reports from the provincial government. The coordinators of Emergency makes the Emergency Operations group alert and the group starts implementing the response plan, go through the resources and give work to personnel, also arrange meetings with other emergency coordinating bodies (Wilby Keenan, 2012). Inspection of the Andheri and Andheri subway or the areas of drinking are being undertaken, as well, the works of remedial nature are being identified and the preparation is being undertaken for the increasing water levels. Phase 2: Rising Water The rising water is based on the particular levels of water or the warnings. The weekly patrol of the dikes is important and key works have to be implemented. There are certain places in Mumbai that unexpected flooding out of the river water might take place, but their effects are taken to be negligible (Wilby Keenan, 2012). Phase 3: Severe Flooding Based on the flooding that would happen in Mumbai, the increase of the water levels is severe. The dike patrols are being assigned on the 24 hour. Much flooding that might take place in the unprotected area at Andheri which having the levels of water influencing the forces on the dikes which were existing already. In order to check this problem, the recruitment of the forces in order to mark the roads, giving assistance to the residents and reinforcing dikes, controlling the boils and also there are requirements for the other work (Tinganchali, 2012). Defining the organization of emergency response to challenges The organization has made sure that there is availability of the trained people along with proper resources at the appropriate times during and after the event of the river flood. The members of the organization must carry the authority to practice the requisite response plans and actions, this incorporate not only the staffs who are trained but also includes spare parts, fuels or replacements (Tinganchali, 2012). The organization would involve into testing the plans or any other equipments such as power supply or the emergency lighting, proper medicine facilities for those who are old and affected out of the flood in Mumbai. The corporation would make sure that much fuel is available for the equipments of emergency. Safety for the store fuel according to the requirements of the fire safety would make sure that the water of flood is not affecting it. The means of following communication protocols that can be completely established and the proper means of communication has to be estab lished by checking the important issues such as loss of cell phone, battery power without the power from mains (Zhang et al., 2012). The emergency flooding response of the organization is organization in different ways. The recommendation has been given to use the Incident Command System by the provincial government and the Ministry of the Environment, the related the hazardous response plan are the primary examples of this system (Mcentire, 2014). This flood plan, which has been prepared, uses a proper system of ICS. Alternatively, the departmental structure of the Local Authority, each department performs the functions. The Operations group of the emergency would establish the centre for emergency operations, which would give direction to the activities of the group which is reporting to the council or the local authority of the nearly places of Mumbai (Zhang et al., 2012). Stakeholders The response of the flood hazards would be controlled and directed by the officials. They would be responsible for giving important services in order to minimize the negative impacts of the emergency on the city or municipality. This group consists of the Operations group of emergency and they consists of the important officials or the stakeholders and they are Member of the council belonging to the Local Authority, the chief officer of administration, police or chiefs or any alternatives. The fire chief, senior public workers officers, the senior emergency officer of health and care, the coordinators of emergency or the operation, the public information officers and other logistic members are also being added to this group (Samaddar et al., 2012). The extra personnel are added to the Municipal Emergency Operations Group and they are a representative of hydro, the staff of liaison from the Emergency Program of Province or any other ministries from province. There are other officials representatives or the Emergency Operations group also takes experts into consideration as important stakeholders. Identifying the equipments and materials would be affected out of flood Buildings inundation out of the damages caused in the roof, due to higher intensity of rain as well as due to the windy events. In this case, the rain has made its infiltration to the roofs into the main buildings which results to damaged equipments and stocks. The organization has made a survey, that the maintenance plan is being implemented properly in order to develop door windows, which are affected out of the flood happened due to river, as well as systems of roofing and the system of drainage (Samaddar et al., 2012). It is important to keep in mind that topographic and architectural features can be resulted in a higher variations due to the forces of wind in different parts of the housing. It is important to make identification of these critical arenas with the help of well qualified structural engineers. Damaged by the winds of these elements and exposure to river flood, therefore, the regular maintenance is needed which reduces the inclination towards the happenings of damages. This can be well implemented into actions through the closer inspection of gutters, panels, proofing systems of water in the regular maintenance plan in the building (Samaddar et al., 2012). Building maintenance Plan The inclusion of the checks on regular basis of the equipments which incorporates pumps fuel supply, emergency power for the generators and so forth in the building maintenance plan. Therefore, it is important to construct a building maintenance plan where the responsibilities, types and the frequencies have to be well clearly defined. The ultimate results of the inspections have to well documented (Chaunya et al., 2012). Maintaining an entire events log The entire documentation in detail has to be maintained, as for example maintaining a documentation of the log book at the stages of alarm, actions and the internal communications have to waged including the photos that are being taken for measures. These would not only facilitate the adjustment exercise of the post flood loss but would at the same time give aid to the team of emergency response and the site management while bringing improvements to the response plan (Chaunya et al., 2012). Informing Stakeholders about the situation Not only the consumers and suppliers, but the staffs must be stay informed about the further developments, the communication system are needed to be efficient in order to inform both employees as well as the authorities from locality, media, being another important stakeholder must be incorporated in the team of emergency response (Yang, Yang Plotnick, 2013). Other Actions The removal of all the hazardous substances to a safer location Removing the portable equipments and machineries to the higher levels and these locations would act as accessible routes during the stages of preparations. The stocks must be removed to a higher level and the organization must make sure that the buildings which are being evacuated must be restricted from the people to enter the buildings (Van et al., 2014). Rendering protection to the older people by logistics group During the pre flooding, the organization would reach the area and would try to help out the older people that what are the activities that they could do if the flood takes place out the running off water in the river (Xiong et al., 2012). The agency would advice the family of the older people to carry medications, eyeglasses, oxygen cylinders or any technologies which would come in need. The agency would help out the older people to keep a list of important medications medical devices and other important needful materials which would come in handy while taking preparation for the flood. The important items such as food, medicine and water are needed to be taken into account while preparing for the emergency. By keeping their views in mind, the agency must frame out a proper communication plan for each and every member of the family. Plan must be devised that how the family must be kept informed during the disaster through the cell phone or telephone (Xiong et al., 2012). The Floodin g Emergency Response team along with the support of their logistic group must be efficient enough to supply the home supplies and health incorporating a two week, sufficient food and water and the suppliers of the first aid which are needed to the older people and the disabled. The special needs shelters are important for the people who are having low quality housing and the older people who are sensitive to the changing situations, the shelter which has to be stuffed with medical devices, food and bedding. The shelters must be either public buildings or school buildings (Xiong et al., 2012). Business cycle The members of the group of emergency operations would gather at regular intervals in order to inform each other about the actions which would be taken and the problems must be encountered. The different meetings have to be organized and also allowing the members in order to carry out the responsibilities of the individuals. Status boards and the maps would be displayed prominently and must be kept up to date by the operation officers. Review of Plan The plan must be reviewed and each group would take responsibility to prepare a detailed plan to assign the groups in their area of responsibility. There are various plans which are needed to be coordinated by the coordinator of the emergency responses. Time span The operation has to be implemented from the month of July to October 2017. The same plan would be reviewed by April 30th every year. The test plan would be conducted annually. Recommendations It is recommended to the Flood Emergency team that they must procure all the essential equipments that they would need in case of any emergency situations. They must have sufficient resources including proper man power in order to deal with the havoc that is caused during flood. They must increase the number of members working in their individual rescue teams, so that they can carry on their operations quickly and accurately. They must accumulate sufficient amount of fund in order to extend the apt help to the flood victims. They must also make some tie ups with the local NGOs and the flood relief help centers so that they can provide all the victims with sufficient food, clothes, medicines and shelter during such emergency situations. They must also test their equipments before hand and get them replaced in case they have become ineffective and outdated. Particularly, it is recommended that they make use of preventive materials like sandbags, strong embankments and barriers in order to control the water flow during floods (Smith, 2013). Conclusion Therefore to conclude it can be stated that an effective flood response plan must be built up because due to heavy rain that happened in Mumbai, this might in return cause floods. Therefore, before hand, in order to face the challenges of the rain. The plan has come out to be quite effective and during any types of emergency related to flood, the same plan can be implemented properly by the emergency operations agency within a particular period of time. References Caunhye, A. M., Nie, X., Pokharel, S. (2012). Optimization models in emergency logistics: A literature review.Socio-economic planning sciences,46(1), 4-13. Drabek, T. E. (2012).Human system responses to disaster: An inventory of sociological findings. Springer Science Business Media. McEntire, D. A. (2014).Disaster response and recovery: strategies and tactics for resilience. John Wiley Sons. Rosenthal, U., t'Hart, P. (Eds.). (2012).Flood response and crisis management in Western Europe: a comparative analysis. Springer Science Business Media. Samaddar, S., Misra, B. A., Chatterjee, R., Tatano, H. (2012). Understanding community's evacuation intention development process in a flood prone micro-hotspot, Mumbai.IDRiM Journal,2(2), 89-107. Smith, K. (2013).Environmental hazards: assessing risk and reducing disaster. Routledge. Tingsanchali, T. (2012). Urban flood disaster management.Procedia engineering,32, 25-37. Van De Walle, B., Turoff, M., Hiltz, S. R. (2014).Information systems for emergency management. Routledge. Wilby, R. L., Keenan, R. (2012). Adapting to flood risk under climate change.Progress in Physical Geography,36(3), 348-378. Xiong, W., Bair, A., Sandrock, C., Wang, S., Siddiqui, J., Hupert, N. (2012). Implementing telemedicine in medical emergency response: concept of operation for a regional telemedicine hub.Journal of medical systems,36(3), 1651-1660. Yang, L., Yang, S. H., Plotnick, L. (2013). How the internet of things technology enhances emergency response operations.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,80(9), 1854-1867. Zhang, J. H., Li, J., Liu, Z. P. (2012). Multiple-resource and multiple-depot emergency response problem considering secondary disasters.Expert Systems with Applications,39(12), 11066-11071.

The Goal Essay Research Paper Emily Dickinson free essay sample

The Goal Essay, Research Paper Emily Dickinson # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; The Goal # 8221 ; discusses her theory that each human being lives each twenty-four hours endeavoring to obtain one specific end. She theorizes that each single longs to carry through one specific accomplishment whether # 8220 ; expressed # 8221 ; to others or is # 8220 ; still # 8221 ; ( l. We will write a custom essay sample on The Goal Essay Research Paper Emily Dickinson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2 ) and locked into the single # 8217 ; s bosom. Dickinson says that it is an inevitable portion of human nature to populate this manner, whether we believe so or non, and have non been able to acknowledge the specific subject of our life as it is # 8220 ; admitted barely to itself # 8221 ; ( l. 5 ) . She speculates that we attempt to cover our aspirations from others because we lack # 8220 ; credibleness # 8217 ; s audacity # 8221 ; ( l. 7 ) and are scared that we are less complete than we should be to even conceive of so great of outlooks. She besides brings out that non merely are we wary of sharing our dream to others, but we ourselves approach it # 8220 ; adored with cautiousness # 8221 ; ( l. 9 ) . Even though we ourselves doubt our ability to accomplish the extent of our dream, Dickinson says that the further off and the less come-at-able, the more desirable of an nonsubjective it becomes. She says that we chase after our end like person chasing after # 8220 ; the rainbow # 8217 ; s array # 8221 ; ( l. 11 ) which we continue to prosecute for its beauty and the pot of gold, even though we know that it is merely an appealing myth and the terminal of the rainbow does non truly be at all. She compares our religion in accomplishing our end as person making # 8220 ; a toffee Eden # 8221 ; ( l. 9 ) and populating their lives in blind religion that they will finally accomplish that end. We all live our lives in portion anticipating to accomplish Utopia and to see the face of God at our decease, but occasional we question the principle of this bosom # 8217 ; s desire. We do nevertheless hold to believe on the footing that without that belief, populating a moral life and holding a supernatural relationship would be farcical without that terminal wages of sitting at the pess of our shaper. Likewise, we should populate our lives with a mortal end and religion that we will accomplish it. If we approach our earthly desires in this mode, we will be more disciplined, and will seek to accomplish this end with all costs. Dickinson says that we should be inspired by # 8220 ; the saints # 8217 ; decelerate diligence # 8221 ; ( l. 15 ) who have gone before us all working towards their end of distributing the Gospel and making good plants. Likewise we should invariably be endeavoring for our end, no affair how unrealistic they may look, in slow and relentless diligence so that we will be more capable to accomplish it. Dickinson says that it is really possible to populate life to its fullest nisus every twenty-four hours towards this end, and have it still be # 8220 ; ungained ( l. 17 ) . # 8221 ; She says this non to deter us in our pursuit, but instead to animate us to act upon all the people who will continue us with similar ends. She says that like we have observed the saints and their diligence, others may detect our work and be inspired and more enabled to accomplish their end because of our quest. She besides mentions that our ultimate wages for populating a determined, focussed life will be when we die, holding achieved our end or non, because # 8220 ; infinity enables the endeavoring once more # 8221 ; ( l. 19-20 ) . Whether you interpret this last line to intend that your earthly desire will be fulfilled coincided with religious fulfilment and enlightenment, or that the magnificence of Eden will be so brilliant that your apparently unachievable end in life will look petty, Dickinson is successful in her efforts to promote others to greatness.

dells success essays

dells success essays Dell Computer is arguably the most successful business among those established within the last twenty years (Microsoft just misses qualifying under this timeframe). As I have stated recently in different venues, I believe that this company provides a classic example of how the principles of strategic management have been used to translate an innovative vision into a successful and sustainable enterprise. Dell Computer has also realized tremendous benefits from its application of information technology. IT has been used not only to create competitive advantages at the operational level, but also to introduce an unprecedented type of strategic information management. As a result, I am pleased to accept the invitation from the Stockholm School of Economics to review the success of Dell Computer, and to explain it from a strategic management perspective. Michael Dell founded Dell Computer in 1984. At the time he was only 19 years old, and in his first year of studies at the University of Texas in Austin. Michael Dell had a simple but powerful vision: that personal computers could be built to order and sold directly to customers. This followed from his belief that the PC, made up of little more than software from Microsoft and chips from Intel, was rapidly becoming a commodity product. Dell's new approach to the PC business had two advantages: (1) bypassing distributors and retail dealers reduced marketing and sales costs by eliminating the markups of resellers, and (2) building to order greatly reduced the costs and risks associated with carrying large volumes of both and finished goods. Michael Dell started his company with only US$ 1,000 of capital. Dell Computers experienced its share of difficulties in the first few years, to the point where some family members and friends wondered whether it had been wise for Michael to drop out of university. Several times it had to refine its strategy even as it was implementing it. The ...

Artificial Intelligence A Threat Or Not Computer Science Essay

Artificial Intelligence A Threat Or Not Computer Science Essay Abstract- This research paper gives a short introduction to the basics of robotics in the context of artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is a branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans.This paper describes some bad effects that can happen in the future due to the influence of artificial intelligence. INTRODUCTION Now in the society, we are living on a world of machines. We depend on machines for every field of our life. Everything around us are applications of artificial intelligence. Air conditioners, cameras, video games, medical equipment ,were traffic lights, refrigerators, etc work on a â€Å"smart† technology . Artificial Intelligence is  a branch of computer science that works on to create a computer systems capable to react like a human being. That is to make machines capable of sensing the world around it, to understand conversations and to take decisions as a human would . Computers have more computational power than the human brain Now, computers are millions of times faster than they were fifty years ago. Human brains seem to be far â€Å"faster† than computers for a wide variety of tasks. Still, greater computational speed does make some so-called Artificial Intelligent systems seem smarter Artificial intelligence (AI) have a great role in the field of robotics. Artificial Intelligence in robotics covers topics like natural language processing, design, human factors, and computing theory. Natural language processing, a subfield of Artificial Intelligence, provides computers with the understanding they require to handle information being encoded by humans. Computer vision instructs computers on how to comprehend images and scenes. It has as some of its goals: image recognition, image tracking and image mapping. This application is valued in the fields of medicine, security, surveillance, military operations, even movie-making. Since the beginnings of civilization man has had a fascinat ion for a human-like creation that would assist him. Robotics and machines come to existence from this logic Artificial Intelligence to the Hollywood generation is mostly about androids, humanoids and robots. It is about machines going out of control, replacing humanity and world domination. There is a chance of happening this situation in future due to the influence of Artificial Intelligence. WHAT IS AN INTELLIGENT MACHINE When we say intelligent machine it does not mean that it is a machine which can solve any complex program that even humans get troubled. Calculators are not intelligent. Calculators give the right answers to challenging math problems, but everything they â€Å"know† is preprogrammed by people. They can never learn anything new. Calculators are able to solve problems entirely because people are already able to solve those same problems. We have generated many computing devices that can solve mathematical problems of enormous complexity, but those were not actually intelligent. They are preprogrammed to do exactly what we want them to do. They accept input and generate the correct output. They may do it at blazingly fast speeds, but their underlying mechanisms depend on humans having already worked out how to write the programs that control their behavior. An intelligent machine is a machine that does not have any preprogrammed data in it to solve a problem. We can also say that it is a machine which have an ability to think

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Living Assignment

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Living - Assignment Example There is still no cure for the virus that causes AIDS. However antiretroviral treatments that suppress the HIV virus are available. Some patients have been known to regain strong immune systems as a result of antiretroviral therapy. The therapy not only helps prolong lives but also prevents people infected by the virus from developing AIDS. Celebrities like Rock Hudson, Freddie Mercury, and Arthur Ashe who died of the disease have given a face to it ensuring that it is known to one and all. They have also helped to educate, empower and raise public awareness. Some have funded organizations that financially help AIDS patients. The challenge is to spread awareness of the ways in which the virus is transmitted to prevent the infection. As former US president Bill Clinton remarked: â€Å"new data from 51 countries suggests 70 percent of HIV-related deaths could have been prevented.† Numerous initiatives have been launched to lower prices of life-saving antiretroviral drugs in order to improve access to treatment. Scientists the world over are working overtime to find a cure for the disease. There are a whole host of organizations working to combat the disease, find cures and help and educate those communities that do not have the means to help themselves. Bill Clinton at the world AIDS conference in Melbourne observed, â€Å"The AIDS-free world that so many of you have worked to build is just over the horizon. We just need to step up the pace.†Ã‚  

Fans Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Fans - Research Paper Example However, some fans behave in a violent manner thus being regarded as hooliganisms (Keys 23). A variety of sports has different fans who offer help and support for the various sporting clubs. However, fans of these sports vary in terms of their character and passion for the game. For instance, baseball fans to some extent have more passion for the sport compared to soccer fans. Therefore, I believe that baseball fans do enjoy watching the sport compared to soccer fans. First, the purpose of attending games is to watch the game and enjoy oneself. The need to seek entertainment from watching sport from the stadium or even a sport center makes fans sacrifice and pay for tickets in order to enjoy the sport. However, I do believe that some fans do not derive satisfaction from attending some sporting events. Most of the soccer fans are stubborn and keep moving up and down in the stadium (Zathras 1). In most instances, fans move seeking to be let out of the row thereby disturbing the sited fans. By moving around, soccer fans prove that they do not enjoy the game. This is because fans that enjoy the game sit and concentrate the entire sporting period (Zathras 1). This is contrary to the baseball fans that in most instances remain calm and concentrate during the sporting event. Since they are calm and concentrate in the period of matches, baseball fans, therefore, do enjoy baseball games and remain proud of the game compared soccer fans. Secondly, most soccer fans attend soccer matches since it is a routine and thus, provides a place to be. Instead of concentrating on the match, most of them move around, meet, and talk with other fans instead of focusing on the game (Hilaire 12). This means that soccer matches are entirely organized to act as a mingle venue whereby various people meet and spent part of their time despite the amount of money used to purchase the tickets as well as other resources used when in the stadium. Soccer

Religion and Animal Rights Essay Example for Free

Religion and Animal Rights Essay Speciesism – Discrimination in favour of one species, usually the human species, over another, especially in the exploitation or mistreatment of animals by humans. Sentient – Able to feel pain; conscious through the senses. Shallow ecology preserving the environment to the extent that it benefits human beings. (This is an anthropocentric view of ecology – human centred). Deep ecology Giving all life respect and value – caring for all of nature, not just the aspects of nature which benefit human beings. Dominionism Judeo-Christian idea that human beings have a special place in the natural world; they are given the power to rule over it (as overseers) in behalf of its creator, God. Stewardship – Judeo-Christian idea that human beings have a special responsibility for the natural world (and indeed all other areas of responsibility such as other people, their money and possessions) acting as caretakers on God’s behalf. Autonomy – Free will, able to self-govern. Deontological – Duty led approach. Emphasis on the act itself in determining moral righteousness. Inaugurated eschatology The kingdom of God was started/established in the agapeistic life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, and continues in the life of the church, but will be fulfilled after bodily death in heaven. Realised eschatology The kingdom of God is here and now on earth, through agape and the life of the church. Futuristic Eschatology: The Kingdom of God will come in the future – after bodily death, resurrection (bodily or spiritual) in heaven. Vivisection – Experimenting on animals. Instrumentalist approach – A pragmatic (practical) approach that says an action should be taken in order to achieve an active solution to a problem. Mutate – Change, transform (e.g. as part of the process of evolution). Immutability – Unable to change (e.g. from species to species). Commodification – To turn into and treat as a commodity – an article suitable for trading/buying and selling. Scholars Aristotle – Identified the hierarchy of being placing human beings above animals. Augustine – Human beings are superior to animals as human beings are rational, being made in the image and likeness of God, Genesis 1:26. Aquinas – Influenced by Aritotle – â€Å"animals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦by divine providence are intended for man’s use in the natural order.†. Charles Darwin – Theory of evolution – ‘Origin of Species’, 1859. The process of natural selection, challenged the Bible, and in particular the Genesis creation story which claims that human beings are created in the image of God, Genesis 1:26. Albert Schweitzer – A pioneer of animal rights with his ‘reverence for life’ ethic. For Schweitzer ‘all life is sacred’, sentient or non-sentient, animal or vegetable. A deep ecologist. St Francis of Assisi – Often referred to as, ‘The Patron Saint of animals’. God has created the world and so the created order reflects God’s goodness and purpose of design and order, animals are a particularly important aspect of that created order. Peter Singer – If a being has interests then they are morally important and should have rights; sentient, self-conscious beings have interests. What matters is not what species a being belongs to, but to what extent a being is a person – fulfils Personhood criteria. Jeremy Bentham Believed that unnecessary suffering was morally wrong, irrespective of the species. KEY TEACHINGS FROM CHRISTIANITY AND AWARENESS OF HOW RELIGIOUS LEADERS AND OTHER FAITH MEMBERS HAVE INTERPRETED THESE TEACHINGS AND APPLIED THEM TO LIFE IN SOCIETY TODAY. Religious beliefs about the status of animals. SCHOLARS * Aristotle (4 BC – a foundation and influence for later Christian thought) -everything had a telos, an end purpose. The end purpose of nature (and animals) according to Aristotle, is human fulfilment Hierarchy of Being, Anthropocentric (human centred), Speciesist approach. * Augustine (4th to 5th century AD). Human beings are superior to animals as human beings are rational, being made in the image and likeness of God, Genesis 1:26. , â€Å"To refrain from the killing of animals and the destroying of plants is the height of superstition.† (Augustine). Hierarchy of Being. Speciesism. * Thomas Aquinas (13th century AD). Influenced by Aristotle’s ideas there is no sin in using a thing for the purpose, telos, which it is intended. There is no possibility of sinning against non-human animals or against the natural world which exist for the use and good of humanity. Hierarchy of Being. Anthropocentric. Speciesist. * St Francis of Assisi (12th to 13th century). Francis of Assisi thought that the natural world, and in particular animal life, was an expression of the creative will of God and was worthy of respect. Patron Saint of animals, emphasised the importance of sentient beings as part of God’s creation. Humanity should behave as responsible stewards to care and look after all of God’s created creatures. Shallow ecology preserving the natural world, including animals to the extent that human beings benefit. (This is an anthropocentric view of ecology – human centred) where human beings have a caretaker role over nature. * Albert Schwietzer (20th century). Albert Schweitzer was a Christian who pioneered animal rights with his ‘reverence for life’ ethic. He was astonished at the indifference that human beings show to fellow creatures on the planet. Schweitzer was a ‘deep ecologist’ who believed that all life was sacred – sentient or non-se ntient; human, animal, plant. BIBLICAL TEACHINGS * Human Beings created perfect, imago dei (St. Augustine). Genesis 1:27. * Genesis 1:28 – Dominionism (to rule over, use, control) â€Å"Then God saidHave dominion over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground.† This was the traditional position of the church towards animals as identified by Peter Singer. * Genesis 2:15 – Stewardship (to look after and care for on God’s behalf) â€Å"The LORD God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.† More recently this is the role taken by the church, replacing dominionism with responsible stewardship. * Genesis 2 – creation story has focus on creation of man and woman (Adam and Eve). Human beings have a soul (animals do not) â€Å"The Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground and breathed (ruach) into his nostrils the breath of life and man became a living being† (Genesis 2:7) * Human beings, but not animals have free will, autonomous, with the opportunity of choosing a love relationship with God. â€Å"Love God, love your neighbour.† (Jesus, Mark 12:30/31). With autonomy comes responsibility, stewardship (see church teachings below). * â€Å"A righteous man cares for the needs of his animals, but the kindest acts of the wicked are cruel.† Proverbs 12:10. * â€Å"The wolf will live with the lamb† Isaiah. An O.T. eschatological vision of harmony between all sentient life. * â€Å"Are not five sparrows sold for two pennies? Yet not one of them is forgotten by God.† Luke 12:6. CHURCH TEACHINGS Roman Catholic Catechism (1994) †¢ God willed creation as a gift addressed to humankind. †¢ Animals, like plants and inanimate beings, are by nature destined for the common good of past, present and future humanity. Anthropocentric, arises out of the shallow ecology approach to the natural world that is the usual the way for Christianity to deal with this area of ethics/moral issues. †¢ Animals do not have rights but humans do have duties towards animals. Roman Catholic Papal Encyclicals Centesimus Annus and Solicitudo Rei Socialis (Pope John Paul II) †¢ Human beings are stewards of God’s creation, not masters of it. †¢ Animals are part of God’s creation and must not be abused. †¢ The Church opposes cruelty / exploitation of animals. †¢The earth and all life on it is a gift from God given to us to share and develop, not to dominate and exploit. Church of England documents: Our Responsibility for the Living Environment (GS 718) and Animal Welfare (GS 341) †¢ Animals have been created by God and deserve respect. †¢ The value of animal life is secondary to human beings. †¢ Humans have a common heritage with, and have an obligation to animals. †¢ Humans are the most efficient predators and therefore must exercise responsible stewardship. †¢ Medical / scientific testing within reasonable limits is acceptable as it promotes the common good of humanity. Quaker Peace Testimony * show a loving consideration of all the creatures, maintain the beauty and variety of the world and show reverence for life. * Quakers have long supported vegetarianism. * Quakers oppose animal experimentation for weapons. * They also oppose the use of animals for the testing of cosmetics. * Most Quakers oppose the fur trade. * Quakers do support the use of animal testing for medical research. The extent to which animals are different from humans and their relative value. Humans are animals. * Charles Darwin 1859 â€Å"Origin of the Species† * Evolution, Natural Selection, Survival of the Fittest. Humans have evolved to become the dominant/controlling species. * â€Å"With all these exalted powers humanity still bears in its bodily frame the indelible stamp of his lowly origin.† (Charles Darwin) * Darwin challenged the idea of a designer God, and the anthropocentric view of the world. â€Å"Humanity in their arrogance think themselves a great work, worthy the (inter)position of a God. More humble, and I believe true, to consider them created from animals.† (Charles Darwin). * Many religious believers accept evolutionary theory as a way of explaining the origins of life on this planet, but still see that God’s power was behind the very start-theistic evolution (God the Uncaused Cause brought everything else into existence – based on Thomas Aquinas’s cosmological argument). How can an anthropocentric approach be upheld if humans ar e descended from animals – all are of equal worth and value – deep ecology. Hierarchy of species. * See above. God created animals for a purpose to be of value and support to human beings. Human intelligence versus animal instinct. * Rationality, intelligence and autonomy set humans apart from animals. * Capacity for sophisticated methods of communication is a human skill. * Creativity (music, literature, art) and complex/sophisticated (developing/utilising science and technology) societies for a good and worthwhile quality of life rather than for instinctive survival are hallmarks of human existence. * Most humans protect the weak and vulnerable arguably for altruistic motivations rather than for survival of the species. * Humans can choose to behave morally. * Humans are spiritual beings. However, just because the status of animals is lower than humans many argue for care and respect. * Stewardship. Deep ecology. Animal Rights.   * â€Å"The question is not can they reason, can they talk, but can they suffer.† Jeremy Bentham (19th century). * Peter Singer thinks that if a being has interests then these things should be satisfied, other things being equal. What matters is not what species a being belongs, but to what extent a being fulfils the criteria of personhood:- rational, sentient (experience pleasure / pain), self-conscious, can establish relationships and can communicate. Religious views on animal rights and the means of protecting those rights. See scholars, biblical and church teachings above. * Rev Humphrey Primatt (19th century) argued all life was made by God and any sentient creature has the right not to have pain inflicted upon it including animal suffering. â€Å"Pain is pain whether inflicted on man or beast† (Primatt). The work of Humphrey Primatt led to the foundation of the RSPCA in 1824. * Organisations such as WWF and RSPCA campaign for animal rights so that they may live according to their own nature and not be harmed, exploited or abused, maintaining a dignified existence. * Such pressure groups oppose factory farming (a method of raising animals intensively for maximum economic gain and to produce food at a lower cost for consumers, resulting in the commodification of animals), animal experimentation (vivisection) and using animals for entertainment;, although opinions vary on all these issues. * Controversy exists about vivisection and the extent of justifiable protest on animals’ behalf – SPEAK campaign sought to end the building of ne w animal labs for scientific experimentation on animals at Oxford University, often using intimidation and direct action which was judged by the law courts to be illegal. â€Å"If possessing a higher intelligence does not entitle one human to use another for his own ends how can it entitle humans to exploit non-humans for the same purpose?† Professor Peter Singer VERSUS â€Å"You can’t go to a doctor without having treatment that has been tested on animals – you can’t pick and choose.† Professor Colin Blakemore, Oxford University. * International Animal Rights Day = December 10th annually. * British law protects animals form cruelty and neglect which are criminal offences. * Revd Professor Andrew Linzey – Department of Theology at Oxford university = world’s first academic post in Ethics, Theology and Animal Welfare. Rejects an instrumentalist view of animals as ‘speciesist’; privileging one species, human beings, giving them a unique moral status. For Linzey, animals are part of God’s creation, and have God-given rights, or ‘theos-rights’, and thus have moral status. Religious responses to the preservation of species from extinction. * Genesis 1:12 – Species were created immutable (fixed and unchanging). Dominionism means human beings have used species and their environment for the good of humanity which has inevitably led to extinction of some. However, stewardship imposes a duty of care implying preservation and conservation of God’s sacred, creation for future generations upholding biodiversity. * Evolution teaches that species naturally change, mutate, and die out as part of the process of survival of the fittest and natural selection. Some religious people accept evolutionary theory theistic evolution (God the Uncaused Cause brought everything else into existence – based on Thomas Aquinas’s cosmological argument). * Breeding programmes in zoos have helped to save species from extinction. * Ohito Declaration 1995 – sustaining environmental life is a religious responsibility.

physics essay :: essays research papers

What’s wrong with the Detroit Lions?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is obvious to me that the laws of physics can be applied to the game of football. However, The Detroit Lions may be unaware of this fact. With there current 0-12 record they are on a losing streak that could be placed in the record books. No team has ever lost every single football of their whole season. What an embarrassing way to be placed in the record books. Maybe if they looked at some of the laws of physics they could win a game.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The passing game for the lions is one area that can be examined. Quarterback Charlie Batch has one of the lowest ratings in the league. He completes a little under 60% of his passes. His average passing yardage is approximately ten yards. Using the knowledge of physics to examine the projectile motion we can help Charlie complete more passes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Let’s look at what we know:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Charlie is about 2 meters tall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. His average pass is ten yards or 9 meters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. He’s throwing with parabolic trajectory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4. We will use the equations:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The velocity in the horizontal direction (Vx)= The initial velocity (Vi) cos (the angle)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The velocity in the vertical direction (Vy)= The initial velocity (Vi) sin (the angle)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The distance in the horizontal direction (x)= The velocity in the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  horizontal direction (Vx) multiplied by The time (t).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The gravity is always equal to -9.8m/s squared.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the equations we can say that the initial velocity could be Charlie’s problem. Say Charlie always passes with an angle of 20 degrees so that it isn’t easy for the other team to intercept the pass. This kind of pass would usually takes 2 seconds to get the receiver. This means that Charlie’s average pass of 9 meters needs and initial velocity of 11m/s to get to the receiver. If any of these things don’t work out, or say, Charlie changes his passing angle, the pass will probably be incomplete.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kicking the football can also be an aspect of the game that could improve for the lions. Two weeks ago, Jason Hanson missed 3 field goals. Kicking field goals can be examined from a physics perspective. The football will follow the same parabolic trajectory as passing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using the Same Equations we can determine the initial velocity needed to make his average 23 meter kick. He usually kicks with an average 40 degree angle. Also it takes 3 seconds for the kick to go threw the uprights.

The Soundtrack of Your Life

Music is a key factor in my life, now and has been for as long as I remember. Music is one thing that can control my mood and emotions unlike any other. The sounds and melodies of the composition have the potential to sway my moods from a dark gloomy state all the way to a joyous and soothing harmonic atmosphere. Music allows me to control how and what I want to be, or represent. Music is almost like picking out a favorite outfit. When one picks out an outfit to wear they most likely pick an outfit that expresses them and how they are feeling at that direct moment. They have the ability to change shoes, accessories, or their hairstyle to make it appealing to their particular desires, just as one has the will to change a song on their ipod, or flip the channel on a local radio station. Recently, my life has been undergoing many changes. I am now starting to apply myself in a way that allows me to develop my potential and show forth the results as an outcome of the pursuance of fulfilling my aspirations. More than ever now I am starting to realize that â€Å"you get out of life what you put in†. Life is dependent only on â€Å"what you bring to the table†. If one tends to put in minimal effort then one should not expect to experience a great aftermath. I have chosen three songs that apply to my life right now in the stance that I am currently in. Its ironic that all of these songs are from different genres, songwriters, and generations but, they somehow tie into my life perfectly. The main theme of the â€Å"soundtrack of my life† is â€Å"overcoming obstacles and changing that are essential to the growth and the perseverance of an individual†. Natasha Bedingfield’s song â€Å"Unwritten† has made quite an impact on me. When I first heard the song all I could really say is â€Å"wow†. This song made me feel empowered in a sense and I felt inspired to go out, make a difference and do something great. She explains how the world is offered to you and that it’s up to you to decide not only your fate but your destiny and how your life will end up. She states â€Å"I am unwritten, can't read my mind, I'm undefined, I'm just beginning, the pen's in my hand, ending unplanned†. By reading these lyrics and interpreting them more as a poem I realized the true and pure essence of this lyrical stanza. I believe the message of this is to convey that although we’re taught certain things as simple as proper etiquette and how to act, that doesn’t define us. It’s almost as if the writer is referring to herself as anonymous, as if she doesn’t really know herself but, in the process is trying to reveal and create herself transforming from a nonentity into a being with an individual personality, demeanor, and identity whether she knows where she’ll end up or not. This line can apply hugely to my life. I am 17 now and as a child we were all conditioned and taught to behave in a certain manner. Now that I am older I feel as if I can speak for myself and in a sense â€Å"reincarnate or change† myself into what I want to be instead of what my parents have taught me. I think that being a child one doesn’t always really know who they are other than what they are told that they are. I still don’t know exactly who and what I am but, being in this position I feel as if I can create a new identity with myself without having to know exactly where and how I will end up. This songs main message was not only that â€Å"you are who you say you are to be† but also that â€Å"perseverance is a choice that we all have to take advantage of to prosper on our own terms. Miley Cyrus’ song â€Å"The Climb† is a basic analogy of my life as a whole. She states that through life anything worth having is going to take some struggle and hard work if its something that one truly wants to be successful at or accomplish. Though, her lines in her song are very simple they are simple enough in nature to strike with a hard meaning. Miley states â€Å"the struggles I'm facing, the chance I'm taking, sometimes might knock me down, but no, I'm not breaking. † These effortless lines may seem juvenile but are very mature and take a leading stance in my life. I am transitioning from the mind of a child into an adult. I might not necessarily make the right decisions all the times or the best moves but, I never give up on my ending goal, which is to be just a more wholesome and better person. I realize that â€Å"there's always gonna be another mountain, I'm always gonna wanna make it move, always gonna be an uphill battle, sometimes I'm gonna have to lose, ain't about how fast I get there, ain't about what's waiting on the other side, it's the climb. Miley Cyrus has never stated my life in general in a better way. This song can be considered the epitome of how I live and the thesis for this paper alone. Finally, I would like to introduce the classic song off of the movie â€Å"Space Jam† that has respectively impacted my life. This song simply is real and to me defies the essential steps in creating growth in myself. This song teaches that one must be able to see and visualize themselves in an instance in order to â€Å"touch the sky† or in other words overcome an obstacle that would once never be thought of or made possible. This song is none other than the 1996 billboard topping hit of â€Å"I Believe I can Fly† by R. Kelly. Kelly sings confidently â€Å"see I was on the verge of breaking down, sometimes silence can seem so loud, there are miracles in life I must achieve, but first I know it starts inside of me, oh, if I can see it, then I can be it. † Through my conquest of life I have had times where faith has been broken and when all seems to fail my life has just spiraled out of control. This song is like a â€Å"pick me up, and booster† to reassure that in the end all will be well if you just let go and believe wholeheartedly that things will work out for you. This also means that staying positive is key to a change that you are wanting to see in yourself but, essentially you have to be proactive and press on to change and develop yourself into the idol that you have created in you mind for yourself. In the end the soundtracks of my life are austerely defined as â€Å"overcoming obstacles and changing essentially to the growth and the perseverance of an individual†. If anything I think that I am drawn to these songs because of the messages that they bring. It’s not the catchy beats, the talented artist, the flashy music videos, or the encoded messages that draw my attention forth but rather what the song has to offer to me in such a plain way. In considering things as far as the music that I listen to I am very eclectic. If the track can provide me with insight, motivation, or reality of life then I most likely will be listening to it. It’s not so much of what we are listening to but, more so why we are listening and engaging in an artistic piece of music.

Cultural homogeneity and globalization Essay

Cultural homogeneity and globalization are becoming concepts that are subjects of debate in the world eye. Some scholars and politicians argue for the increase of globalization, and some argue against. The world is becoming smaller and more homogenous and this holds many advantages, some disadvantages, and is creating a future that is full of possibilities. According to the Merriam-Webster Online, globalization is â€Å"the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets†. However, the concept of globalization is much more complex than this. Jan Scholte argues, in her paper about globalization, that, â€Å"Most attempts to quantify globalization have conceived of the process as internationalization. † (8) So, in effect globalization is the concept of the exchange of ideas and goods becoming not a national concept anymore, but an international one. Because globalization increases that amount of goods and ideas that are being traded internationally, it also has an effect on the pervasion of cultural homogeny throughout the world. Homogeny is defined by Webster’s Dictionary as, â€Å"being of a similar kind or type, uniform throughout† (221). So, in essence globalization is causing the worlds peoples to become more like on another through the dispersion of goods and ideas. Cultural homogeny is becoming more noticeable in today’s society because of the large amount of media and other goods that are part of a larger global marketplace. For example, â€Å"Young people everywhere are listening to the same music† (Rourke and Boyer 110). This does not mean, however, that young people are all listening to â€Å"western† music. Many different types of music are becoming part of young people listening preferences and musicians and other artists from all over the world are becoming recognized internationally. Clothing is another area where there is more of a trend towards homogeneity. Rourke and Boyer note, â€Å"The leaders of China used to wear â€Å"Mao suits†; now they wear Western-style business suits† (110). As cultural homogeny becomes more of an issue that is receiving media coverage and is becoming more recognized in the world eye, it has been discussed by many scholars as to whether it is advantageous for the world’s peoples. There have been concerns voiced, â€Å"For example, languages have been disappearing at rates as worrying as those for species extinction† (Wurm), and the fact that the world is made up of many rich cultures that might be watered down into â€Å"a less vibrant monoculture† (Rourke, et. al 113) if globalization continues at its current pace. However, there are many advantages both cultural and economic to globalization and there is a lot of acceptance and praise for its continuation. Rourke and Boyer state, â€Å"Most people welcome the availability of foreign culture. A worldwide survey in 45 countries found that 77% thought that having foreign products available was good, and 61% felt that way about foreign movies and other entertainment media† (113). Part of the argument against globalization by some is that it is limited to western culture pervading all other cultures and taking them over. However, there are examples that can be shown that cultural homogeneity is a worldwide phenomenon. If we look at â€Å"American culture, for example, (it) is influenced by many foreign imports, ranging from fajitas and sushi, through soccer, to acupuncture† (Rourke, et. al 110). American and other western teenagers have more choices through this concept to listen to and view media from other countries. Also, Rourke and Boyer note that â€Å"the interchange of popular consumer goods is another major factor in narrowing of culture gaps† (111) and that this is the case throughout the world, not just of goods going one way out of America and other western countries. Globalization and cultural homogeneity are inextricably linked and are changing the way that the world functions in many ways. Media, goods and ideas are flowing freely from country to country, and this is creating a global society that is a mix of all cultures and economies. ? References Globalization. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved March 26, 2010, from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/globalization. Homogeny. (2002). Webster’s pocket dictionary of the English language. Trident International. Rourke, J. T. & Boyer, M. A. (2010). International Politics on the World Stage (8th brief ed. ). Primis Online: McGraw Hill. Scholte, J. (2002). What is Globalization? The definitional issue – again. CSGR Working Paper, 109/02, 1-8. Wurm, S. A. (ed. ), Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing (Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1996).

Free Essays on The Plague

The Plague Around the year 542 AD a great plague came to Constantinople that so gripped the city and eventually the rest of Europe that it has altered the course of history completely. The plague reached Constantinople, the capital of Rome, during the reign of Emperor Justinian, 15 years after he took power. While we will never know the total number of people who perished from the plague it is estimated that at its height the daily death count reached 10,000 people or more. Most of the information that we have today about the Plague and its origins was written by a man named Procopius who was a legal advisor to a General named Belisarius. Procopius journeyed with Belisarius throught the Mediterranean area around the time the plague exploded. Procopius recorded his observations on how the disease effected the people, and how it ran its course, and because of his accounts, the whole of Europe eventually awakened to the reality and impending doom of the disease spreading everywhere. From the records we have today we are able to see that the first place the plague was really noticed was the Egyptian harbor town of Pelusium. The town, as most towns throughout Europe and the Mediterranean area, had a large problem with rats. Unknown to the people of that era, rats were the medium through which the disease spread from person to person, city to city, and throughout the continent. It first spread to Alexandria as it work its way northward towards Palestine. Procopius writes that the disease after that point â€Å"seemed to spread all over the world.† His perception of events was that the plague was â€Å"so overwhelming that the human race appeared close to annihilation.† As mentioned previously, the people alive in that age were not aware that the disease was being spread by rats. They had no idea how a person got infected, or how to prevent communion of the disease. The plague was caused by bacteria and parasites that lived in rats as the... Free Essays on The Plague Free Essays on The Plague The Plague Around the year 542 AD a great plague came to Constantinople that so gripped the city and eventually the rest of Europe that it has altered the course of history completely. The plague reached Constantinople, the capital of Rome, during the reign of Emperor Justinian, 15 years after he took power. While we will never know the total number of people who perished from the plague it is estimated that at its height the daily death count reached 10,000 people or more. Most of the information that we have today about the Plague and its origins was written by a man named Procopius who was a legal advisor to a General named Belisarius. Procopius journeyed with Belisarius throught the Mediterranean area around the time the plague exploded. Procopius recorded his observations on how the disease effected the people, and how it ran its course, and because of his accounts, the whole of Europe eventually awakened to the reality and impending doom of the disease spreading everywhere. From the records we have today we are able to see that the first place the plague was really noticed was the Egyptian harbor town of Pelusium. The town, as most towns throughout Europe and the Mediterranean area, had a large problem with rats. Unknown to the people of that era, rats were the medium through which the disease spread from person to person, city to city, and throughout the continent. It first spread to Alexandria as it work its way northward towards Palestine. Procopius writes that the disease after that point â€Å"seemed to spread all over the world.† His perception of events was that the plague was â€Å"so overwhelming that the human race appeared close to annihilation.† As mentioned previously, the people alive in that age were not aware that the disease was being spread by rats. They had no idea how a person got infected, or how to prevent communion of the disease. The plague was caused by bacteria and parasites that lived in rats as the...

Berkshire Hathaway Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Berkshire Hathaway - Case Study Example Warren Buffett did not overreact in firing Peat Marwick. There was no time that could be given to Peat Marwick to correct the mistakes that were made in their accounts. From the quotes, Berkshire there was no sense in accounting books of Peat Marwick Reverse in 1984 annual report was done to treat sales of stock not as a dividend distribution. The auditors have considered the potential for future transactions in their decision as thy compared the reports with those in 1983. There were many necessities in restating 1983 financial statement to be much considered in 1984. The treatment with proportionate stock redemption enables correction of errors that occurred in previous instances. Handling of the issue would not have been different in today’s context since accounting has not much changed from the time the corrections were made. Principles of accounting used are still recently

Source Note Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Source Note - Assignment Example This trend has raised many health concerns in the United States. Researchers have also pointed the role of marketing in this sphere. Big giants like McDonalds and Burger King are responsible for this increased trend due to their aggressive marketing which is centered to focus more on children than any other group. Unawareness is a key factor that has played a major role in creating the ‘fast food trend’ among masses. People are not aware about their calorie intake by consuming high caloric and fatty foods. They do not possess the general idea about their daily calorie requirements. Thus, every time when they consume any fast food; their calorie intake increases. It has also left its adverse effects on the health of school-going children who are the primary consumers of fast foods. These children are more prone to obesity and obesity related diseases due to negligence of their parents, unawareness and aggressively targeted by various fast food chains. The percentage of obese children has increased from 5% in mid 1970s to 16% in 2000. These rates have raised many concerns related to the physical and mental well-being of children. Due to increased number of fast food restaurants, the percentage of obese children in America is growing with a sky-rocketing speed. Due to unhealthy lifestyle, unawareness and fast foods advertisements that are aimed to target children are directly responsible for increased percentage of overweight children. It is the duty of their parents that they should evoke the thought of a healthy lifestyle in the minds of their children and they should push them to eat healthy and balanced diet in order to stay healthy and active. Changing lifestyles and behavior have greatly influenced the eating pattern of an individual. People care less about what they eat. Due to this shift in behavior and habits, the fast food industry has expanded to a greater extent. Consumption of fast food has given rise to many

Small Pox Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Small Pox - Research Paper Example Smallpox can readily spread from one individual to other through saliva droplets (Tucker, 2001). Smallpox could also spread from the clothes and bedding of the infected person (Tucker, 2001). It is during the first week of the infection that smallpox happens to be most contagious. Until the rash scabs of an infected patient fall off, the virus continuous to be contagious. The smallpox virus infiltrates the human body through respiratory tract (Todar, 2009). It permeates the human mucous membrane and spread and multiplies in the associated lymph nodes, before making its way to the rest of the human organ systems (Todar, 2009). The incubation time of smallpox varies from 1 to 12 days (Tucker, 2001). The symptoms of smallpox emerge within 12 to 14 days after a patient catches the smallpox virus (Tucker, 2001). The varied symptoms of smallpox include prominent pink rashes that turn into crusty sores by the 8th or 9th day of getting infected, vomiting, backache, delirium, severe headache, malaise, diarrhea, high fever, fatigue and excessive bleeding (PubMed Health, 2012) . These symptoms may be accompanied by additional complications like bone infections, skin infections, severe bleeding, pneumonia, and eye infections (PubMed Health, 2012). The salient laboratory tests that are used to diagnose smallpox include white blood cell count, DIC panel and platelet count (PubMed Health, 2012). In the context of the treatment, if the person contacting smallpox is vaccinated within 1 to 4 days, this may prevent illness or may perhaps make the intensity of illness less severe (PubMed Health, 2012). However, once a patient develops full blown symptoms of smallpox, there is no treatment for smallpox. There is no salt or drug that can be used to treat smallpox. However, many a times the smallpox patients are administered antibiotics to treat associated infections that may develop along with smallpox (Todar, 2009). Individuals who are positively diagnosed of smallpox

Can Social Bonding Theory Explain Why The US Has Higher Crime Rates Essay

Can Social Bonding Theory Explain Why The US Has Higher Crime Rates Than Other Nations - Essay Example In the said research, the author studied 200 employees to determine how the elements of the social bonding theory can be used to determine the likelihood of the employees committing ethical misconduct. The results from the study conducted indicated that two of the four elements, namely attachment and involvement, may be utilized to provide a better understanding of how likely it is for employees to commit ethical rule breaking. (Sims, 2002) The results obtained from the study merely highlight the importance of the elements of the social bonding theory in explaining deviant behavior and in this case, ethical misconduct of employees. Another study conducted focused on the effect of one's religiosity on his likelihood to be lead to delinquency. As earlier mentioned, belief is one of the four elements of Hirschi's social bonding theory. Subsequently, a central element in an individual's belief system is his religious affinity or belief. In a study conducted by Baier and Wright (2001), the ability of religious beliefs and behaviors to deter criminal behavior was analyzed. The authors of the said study conducted a meta-analysis of 60 previously conducted studies basing primarily on the following questions: (I) What is the direction and magnitude of the effect of religion on crime (II) Why have previous studies varied in their estimation of this effect The rationale behind the research was since previous studies provided inconclusive evidence regarding the relationship of crime and religious belief, it was highly significant to determine why such discrepancy exists and if indeed such a relationship between the two el ements does exist. The results of the study indicated that religious beliefs and behaviors exert a moderate deterrent effect on individuals' criminal behavior. This means that even in the littlest of ways, an individual's religiosity helps in preventing him from committing criminal acts. Likewise, the study found that previous studies have systematically varied in their estimation of the religion- on-crime effect due to differences in both their conceptual and methodological approaches. The results of the study merely indicate that belief, as one of the elements of social control, indeed helps in preventing deviant behavior. Although religious beliefs may not be a strong deterrent as other elements, the results of the study only help explain how the elements of social bonding materialize. Teenage Pregnancy Although not considered as a criminal act, teenage pregnancy may be seen as a deviant behavior in that it does not conform to the norms of society. In a study conducted by Sandra Hofferth (1987), the various factors that influence sexual behavior among adolescents was analyzed. Both biological and psychosocial factors were studied to determine which factors helped contribute to sexual activity among adolescents. Basically, the researcher found that among the social factors that influenced such behavior were cultural and subcultural differences. For instance, the author indicated that black females from the ages of 15 to 19 living in a poverty area of Chicago has a significantly higher rate of initial sexual intercourse than their peers

Water transportation through a ship dock

Water transportation through a ship dock Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Background A port can be simply defined as a location where ship can dock and move personnel or cargo to or from land. in the last 50 years, ports have evolved from this definition, and have acquired a vital place in value-driven logistic-chain systems. They now are international logistic platforms forming a common boundary between production and consumption centres .Being an international logistic platform port sector deals with the volatile world market and are influenced by political factors, international trade, and overall world economic conditions than other sectors. These complex environments in port sector has made the port planning and port development into a very challenging task (Taneha,2010).Port functions can be compared to a self sustaining industry with domestic and international trade. As a part of supply chain management they also act as foreign exchange earner by providing logistics services to the industry. Thus while expansion of an existing port or planning of a green fiel d project, ports can be treated as an industry. Water transportation is a relatively energy-saving and environment friendly way of transporting many goods. However, coastal zones are particularly sensitive regions, and coastal ecosystems often are very fragile. Planning of an industry is driven by lot of factors such as demand and supply, institutional framework, application of technology, marketing strategy and ultimately economic impact analysis for the development and implementation of a project. The vigorous development of waterways in promoting sustainable development of transportation could potentially lead to negative environmental impacts on ports and the waters surrounding around ports ,and hence planning of a port should not only be concerned on simply demand and supply but need to pay more attention the importance of port environmental protection and planning 1.2 The reason of the choice of this subject There have been a lot of researches and papers done on port planning but much of these researches were dominated by financial-economic aspects of port planning. .Author being a port management aspirant believes that focusing on other factors in port planning may contribute to the acceptance of the port activities and the sustainable development. The planning of a port should not only be concerned on simply demand and supply but need to pay more attention to the issues such as environmental factors ,safety and security, local mobility, noise, pollution, etc of the port area The Existing Doha port has become somewhat hemmed in by all the development going on around the citys waterfront, and thus a new Doha port is under construction. it has already been recognized that the location of the new port is close to environmentally sensitive coastal areas and the government has already ensured that the environmental impacts of the project, during both construction and the subsequent operation of the port will be mitigated to the maximum extent possible .Author consider this as opportunity to attain practical knowledge apart from theoretical studies on environmental considerations in port planning. Since the author has lived and visited Qatar several times he was able to generate some personal relationships which he believes to be vital in doing this thesis. 1.2 Overall Aim The aim of this research is to investigate the role of Environmental factors in strategic port planning and development .The research will be done taking new Doha port as case study 1.3 The objectives of this research include: Analyzing the role of Institutional framework in def ining the Port ownership model and hence to define the objectives of port To evaluate the power and influences of stakeholder in port development and planning process To investigate the limitations of port Planning in terms of environmental considerations To provided an overview of proposed new Doha port 1.3 Propose Methodology Research will be done by using both primary and secondary data .The secondary data will be collected from book, journal, company report and website which will be used to construct the framework of this research. Primary data will be collected from the ports and port authority in the form of documents, questionnaires and interview. After that, the findings from primary and secondary data together with the literature review will be employed to conclude this thesis. 1.4 Research Overview Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction There is relatively little academic literature concerning planning perspective of environmental management within ports .The literature review will first cover a comprehensive summary of the basic features of strategic port planning including the definition, with the emphasis on the importance of port environmental protection, planning and management. Thorough analysis of the environmental issues related to ports will be conducted to gain a more comprehensive understanding of port environmental protection in New Doha port. A review will also be done in analysing the present methods followed in mitigating existing problems. Secondly an outline of the new Doha port will be done involving Qatars new policy and the reasons for conceiving the new port. 2.2 Strategic Port Planning Planning and development of ports requires extensive organization and collaboration .Strategic planning in port can be defined as â€Å"systematic and continuing process which enables a port and its management to clearly determine mission, direction and activities† (AAPA,1998). One of the key principles to be followed on planning a seaport is that it should be flexible to accommodate the periodic emerging changes happening in the technology of ships and cargo handling. Therefore identifying the factors that effects the port in the future including an appraisal of the port s external and internal environment can be considered as a top priority objective in strategic port planning . The major function of environment appraisal is to utilize the identified opportunities by developing appropriate responses and to act upon the counter threats in its market share. To evaluate the strategic investment required in terms of human resources, training, facilities and infrastructure, a clear assessment of ports strength and weakness is essential. It is imperative for a port to identify its environment and its competition, its vision and mission and its strategies. Ideally a port is designed according the demands of the objectives of the port, which in turn depends on the mission statement. Mission statement includes four elements purpose, strategy, behaviour standards and values. The purpose elements explains why the company exits, strategy explains the competitive position and distinctive competence of company, values suggests why the company exits and behaviour standards look in to the policies and behaviour patterns that underpins the distinctive competence and the value system of company. (Gaur,2009) An ideal single typology for port planning can rarely be achieved.The facilities which a port provides is designed by considering ships which uses them, the land transport and the port facilities at the other end of the route-that is, as part of an integrated transport system. A planner should always consider the problems in the port, in the context of the larger transport system of which the port is a part. He should also be aware of that fact that that strategic and social considerations play an important role in the location of a new port. Within these limits he should, however must be able to encourage and assist the industrial planners to search for the overall optimum economic resolution. Port development and planning is largely influenced by numerous factors such as demand, competition, changes in trade patterns,port management, cargo handling technology ,environmental pressures etc. Environmental Issues of Port Sea ports are very multifaceted system when viewed from environmental point of view. The, the very existence of ports, as well as any expansion can always results in a certain loss of habitat .In fact most of the elements including construction and operation of ports in one way or another way can be associated with environmental impact. Pollution in ports can take place either under normal conditions or accidentally(Darbra et al., 2004). The constant and movement of ships in a limited and compact area can lead to collisions between ships or between ships and the coast at frequent intervals, following risk the of the release of hazardous materials (Trozzi andVaccaro, 2000).Ports faces with different environmental issues and is greatly influenced by the characteristics of each port (Casal, et al., 1999). Table 2-1 (A) summarizes the ranking of the major environmental issues in sea ports, according to the results obtained from the Europe Sea Ports Organization (ESPO) The have been a lot of changes occurred over the thirteen years ase shown in the table .Port waste which not even present in the 1996 top 10 ranking was able achieve the first placed in 2003.In 2009 pollution caused by noise topped the chart. These changes can be considered as the result of increased environmental awareness in ports and the actions carried out as a result of increasing pressure from environmental legislation. Contributions of Port Activities in Pollution A wide range activities in port and harbour including dredging operations, materials disposal, shore zone development, increased maritime traffic and vehicular traffic in the port has an outcome in the form of anthropogenic contaminants to the environment (Trozzi and Vaccaro, 2000). Pollution problems caused by port activities can be characterized into the following: Destruction of coastal habitats and silting of navigational channels due to causeway construction and land reclamation; Unregulated mariculture activities in the port and harbour areas may threaten navigation safety; Surface water quality deterioration can happen during the construction and operation phases; Operations in port and harbour can generate sewage, bilge wastes, solid waste and leakage of harmful materials both from shore and ships; Contamination of coastal water by urban effluent discharge can affect the human and fish health Pollution caused by oil due to the port/harbour and shipping operations is one of the major environmental hazards . This includes bilge oil released from commercial ships handling non-oil cargo as well as the more common threat from oil tankers Air pollutant emissions due to ship emissions, loading and unloading activities, construction emission and emissions due to vehicular movement. Gupta et al. (2002, p. 199) Air Pollution The major air pollutants related to port activities are particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone, and sulphur oxides (SOx). Other pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde, heavy metals, dioxins, and pesticides can cause problems as well (Bailey and Solomon, 2004).Construction and vapours, gas oil produced during oil product transport, emissions of transport vehicles are considered to be major sources of air pollution in ports. Specific analysis is as follows (Bailey, 2004): A mixture of lime dust is produce during port construction which involves land piling, excavation, road resurfacing, materials transport, and cement casting .These have a definite impact on the air in the port area. Another source causing air pollution is the dust released during the process of handling and transporting of coal, ore, grain and other substances.The secondary stirring of dust may also occur whenever natural wind blow are produced with storage of similar merchandises bulk yards. Atmospheric dust pollution may result from the fuel used in assisted lifting facilities; Gases produced during port operation also causes serious air pollution.During the loading, transporting and storing of oil products and liquids at oil ports and container zones exhaust gases are emitted .These gases are referred as oil gases.Exhaust gases are also emitted from freight trucks and transportation vehicles. (Bailey, 2004). Another source includes indirect GHG emissions associated with the import and consumption of purchased electricity by a port for port-owned buildings and operations http://iaphtoolbox.wpci.nl/GreenG_strategies.html The largest emission sources within ports are from marine vessels, trucks and cargo handling equipment. Together they account for over 90% of emissions at ports. Figure 2-2 shows the PM emissions and NOx emissions (Bailey, 2004). Largest Emission Sources within Ports (PM Emissions and NOx Emissions)Sourceï ¼Å¡Bailey, 2004. Noise Pollution Noise can be transferred through waterborne, airborne and structureborne. Most of the noise pollution is the airborne noise and it can influence related area nearby ports (Trozzi and Vaccaro, 2000) Theory of ergonomics states that ‘when the noise operating environment is more than a certain threshold the operating efficiency will decline sharply. it will lead operation errors then cause security incidents Noise in the shore:Construction and operation of a port are the main sources of noise pollution In port areas.This include the noise of construction machinery, traffic noise , mechanical noise of loading and unloading and other shipping activities. Ship noise includes the noise of ship operation, cabin mechanical impacting, air flow vibration, which can seriously affected staffs physical and mental health.. Water Pollution Port activities and development process have larger contribution in water pollution. Major pollutants include direct pollutants during construction and operation phases and indirect pollutant occurring from the port under development. Construction of a new port or development includes building of Cofferdam, land reclamation, waterway dredging which can result in sea water turbidity; and the possible discharge of hazardous substances in sediments at the surface of water cause secondary pollution; Port activities causing water pollution are listed below: Ballast water, washing process of oil tankers, cabin water, gas stations on shore, repair machinery and moving machinery wash water are example of wastewater containing oil by products; Runoff water from storm sewers and coal storage iron ore, non-metallic ore, the terminal yard, the wash water of the terminal surface, the belt corridor and other places, and the leaked sewage water from coal and or mines Toxic, hazardous materials and bulk liquid from containers and transport ships can bepresent in the cleaning sewage Port region and ship sewage, mainly from local canteens, bathrooms, toilets, office buildings and other ships anchored in port; and,Industrial wastewaters produced from the nearby port industrial zone. Mishandling and breakage of cargo process ,fault in machine or fault of stevedores and lack of maintenance can lead to leakage of oils, fuels, chemical substances, toxic material and liquids International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH), 1999): 2.3 Environmental Planning and Management in Ports The purpose of environmental management is to protect environment and natural resources systems in the port surrounding area and to ensure the sustainability of development efforts over a long-term basis(Environmental Impact Assessment of Irrigation and DrainageProjects,1995).Throughout the history of port planning there has been only a little attention paid to the major environmental aspects Planning process at ports is basically in the hands of civil engineers and surveyors (Anon,1997) and hence the priority has always been on technical standards and land values. The environmental aspects considered during port development have generally been the by-products of related legislation, such as Health and Safety regulations, dangerous goods area spacing, waste reception and disposal, and traffic planning for ship safety (Couper, 1999).

The Young Offenders Act :: Free Essay Writer

The Young Offenders Act This essay was written to show the advantages and disadvantages of the Young Offenders Act over the previous Juvenile Delinquents Act. Also it should give a theoretical underezding of the current Canadian Juvenile-Justice system, the act and it's implications and the effects of the young offenders needs and mental health on the outcome of the trials. In the interest of society the young offenders act was brought forth on april second 1984. This act was created to ensure the rights and the needs of a young person. Alan W. Leshied says "On one hand the justice and legal objectives of the act are being effectively realized while on the other hand the needs and treatment aspects of it leave much to be desired." The research of the Young offenders act is still ongoing but Leshied says that it is becoming clear that the custody positions have been in dispute since the act came into effect. The old Juvenile delinquency act states in section 38 "The care and custody and discipline of a juvenile delinquent shall approximate as nearly as maybe that which should be given by his parents, and... as far as practability every juvenile delinquent shall be treated, not as a criminal, but as a misguided and misdirected child . . . needing aid, encouragement, help and assiezce."(Page 72) If a youth is close to the adult age of 18 years they could be transfered to the adult justice system. This means that they would be given the same sentences as an adult including and up to life in prison. Many people have tried to correct this problem that they see as a weakness. Yet, so far their attempts have failed. Another weakness they find, is that the courts are expensive and unsatisfactory methods of dealing with crime that is not very serious. Before the fabrication of legal aid most young offenders were not able to obtain legal services. "Subsection 11 (4) provides that, were a young person wishes to obtain counsel but is not able to do so, the youth-court judge shall refer the young person to the provincial legal-aid, or assiezce program. If no such program is available or the young person is unable to obtain counsel through an available program, the youth court judge may, and on the request of the young person shall direct the young person to be represented by counsel.

Mill vs kant Essay

The writings of John Stuart Mill and Immanuel Kant present very different ideas concerning the Ethical Problem. Mill’s ideas are referred to as Utilitarianism. In this system of thought, the basic belief is that happiness is the greatest goal and actions should be judged by their ability to provide the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people. Kant, the Deontologist, believed that it is not the result of the action that is important, but the action itself. He advocated a moral rule based on reason. The basic ideas found in these philosophers’ writings lead me to see Mill’s argument as the more plausible solution to the ethical problem. He believed that morality is associated with happiness and his idea that greater happiness for the greatest number of people should be the ultimate goal appears to be a worthy ambition. This would contribute to social order and supports our accepted ideas that actions such as murder are wrong. There are two definitions included in his writing which explained his ideas more clearly to me. The first was â€Å"The Greatest Happiness Principle, which was defined as actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness† ( ) Happiness is defined as â€Å" pleasure and the absence of pain†( )Based on my own experience it is plausible to believe most of us are seeking pleasure and attempting to avoid pain; if these attempts are designed to provide the most happiness to the most people, it would appear we are attempting to be moral. This also seems to be common sense, pleasure is good and pain is bad; regardless of other beliefs most people do accept this. The effects on a society, where people are attempting to provide the most pleasure for the most people, cannot be overlooked. This type of society would be more fair and peaceful since everyone must consider the needs of others equal to their own. This idea that morality of an action is based on the amount of happiness it produces for the most people can be understood and possibly studied. It appears that if sociologists or psychologists could determine what makes people happy, we might be able to design social policies that would benefit society by increasing the happiness of a larger number of people. Mill recognizes that â€Å"some kinds of pleasure are more desirable and more valuable than others† ( 37 text) and feels it would be ridiculous to think that pleasure should only be measured by quantity and that his pleasure principal would turn humans into unhappy irrational animals only interested in less valuable pleasure. ( text ) The deontological moral theory of Kant is very different from the Utilitarian theory of Mill, and in my opinion much more difficult to read and understand. He believes that whether or not an action is right or wrong, moral or immoral â€Å"does not depend on the consequences but on whether they fulfill our duty. † (3) This was based on his belief that there was a supreme principle of morality that he referred to as the Categorical Imperative. (4) This philosophy also required that two questions be asked before any action is taken. They are:† Can I rationally will that everyone act as I purpose to act? â€Å"There is only one categorical imperative. It is: Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. † (Text) I believe he is arguing . if you don’t think everyone should take this action, you should not. â€Å"Does my action respect the goals of human beings rather than merely using them for my own purposes? (5) He also felt that the motivation for your actions determined if you were acting as a good and moral person. It is the motivation based on morality which is important not the consequences of the action. To Kant giving money to charity because it is deductable on your income tax is not a moral action; Mill would consider it moral because the happiness of some people is increased. Kant believed duty was more important than happiness and unhappiness should not affect your willingness to do your duty. The things he believed and the questions he asked were based on the idea that moral rules are based on reason. I also have difficulty accepting his idea that if two people reasoning logically they will arrive at the same conclusion, if we don’t arrive at the same conclusion who is moral? These ideas led him to create a very ridged view of morality. Things `that violate the categorical imperative are always wrong, no acceptations, and things that are good are always good. I cannot accept the idea that we become moral as the result of reasoning particularly when he indicates that at some point we stop any type of reasoning and accept absolutes. It is difficult not to realize that much of what we view as moral is the result of what we have been taught by our parents and institutions in our society. He gives no consideration to any differences in societies. When I compared the ideas of Kant and Mill, I find Mill’s work more plausible. I find Kant’s the idea that we become moral through reason very hard to accept particularly when you consider how differently societies define morality. Mill bases his ideas on the very simple idea human seek pleasure and attempt to avoid pain; therefore if your actions contribute to providing the most pleasure to the greatest number of people you are moral. Kant claimed not to be against happiness, but saw it as of much less importance than duty.